Antibody levels following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2: associations with post-vaccination infection and risk factors in two UK longitudinal studies.
Antibody levels following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2: associations with post-vaccination infection and risk factors in two UK longitudinal studies.
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DOI：
10.7554/elife.80428
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发表时间：
2023-01-24
期刊：
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Steves CJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cheetham NJ;Kibble M;Wong A;Silverwood RJ;Knuppel A;Williams DM;Hamilton OKL;Lee PH;Bridger Staatz C;Di Gessa G;Zhu J;Katikireddi SV;Ploubidis GB;Thompson EJ;Bowyer RCE;Zhang X;Abbasian G;Garcia MP;Hart D;Seow J;Graham C;Kouphou N;Acors S;Malim MH;Mitchell RE;Northstone K;Major-Smith D;Matthews S;Breeze T;Crawford M;Molloy L;Kwong ASF;Doores K;Chaturvedi N;Duncan EL;Timpson NJ;Steves CJ
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 （SARS-CoV-2）抗体水平可用于评估SARS-CoV-2感染或疫苗接种后的体液免疫反应，并可预测未来感染的风险。已知较高水平的SARS-CoV-2抗刺突抗体与增强对未来SARS-CoV-2感染的保护有关。然而，在以人群为基础的队列中，尚未在广泛的社会人口统计学、SARS-CoV-2感染和疫苗接种以及健康因素中探索每轮SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种后抗体水平的变化和抗体水平降低的危险因素。从TwinsUK和ALSPAC UK基于人群的纵向研究中收集了9361名个体的样本，并检测了SARS-CoV-2抗体。横断面抽样于2021年4月至5月联合进行（TwinsUK， N=4256； ALSPAC， N=4622），而TwinsUK仅于2021年11月至2022年1月进行（N=3575）。分析第一次、第二次和第三次接种SARS-CoV-2疫苗后抗体水平随健康、社会人口统计学、SARS-CoV-2感染和SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种变量的变化。使用多变量logistic回归模型，我们检验了疫苗接种后抗体水平与以下因素之间的相关性：(1)疫苗接种后SARS-CoV-2感染；(2)健康、社会人口、SARS-CoV-2感染和SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种变量。在TwinsUK中，初次检测时抗spike抗体水平最低的20%的单次接种个体在接下来的6-9个月内感染SARS-CoV-2的几率是前20%的个体的三倍（OR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.4, 6.0）。在TwinsUK和ALSPAC中，通过英国“屏蔽患者名单”被确定为COVID-19并发症风险增加的个体，抗体水平处于最低10%的几率一直更高（2至4倍）。第三，接种疫苗增加了几乎所有个体的绝对抗体水平，与早期接种疫苗相比，减少了相对差异。这些发现量化了抗体水平与随后感染风险之间的关系，并支持三次接种以产生保护性抗体的政策。抗体测试由英国卫生安全局资助。国家核心研究项目由COVID-19纵向健康与福祉-国家核心研究（LHW-NCS） HMT/UKRI/MRC （[MC_PC_20030]和[MC_PC_20059]）资助。相关资金也由NIHR 606（康复补助金[COV-LT-0009]）提供。TwinsUK由惠康信托基金、医学研究委员会、抗关节炎、欧盟地平线2020、慢性病研究基金会（CDRF）、佐伊有限公司、国家卫生研究所（NIHR）临床研究网络（CRN）和生物医学研究中心资助，该中心位于盖伊和圣托马斯NHS基金会信托基金，与伦敦国王学院合作。英国医学研究理事会、惠康基金会（资助号：[217065/Z/19/Z]）和布里斯托尔大学为ALSPAC提供核心支持。针对导致COVID-19的病毒的疫苗接种会触发身体产生有助于对抗未来感染的抗体。但有些人在接种疫苗后产生的抗体比其他人多。抗体水平较低的人未来更有可能感染COVID-19。识别COVID-19疫苗接种后抗体水平低的人很重要。它可以帮助决定谁在未来优先接种疫苗。之前的研究表明，患有某些健康状况的人在接种一到两剂COVID-19疫苗后产生的抗体会减少。例如，免疫系统较弱的人。既然已经有了第三剂加强剂，确定它们是否会增加那些最容易感染COVID-19的人的抗体水平至关重要。Cheetham等人的研究表明，第三次加强剂量的COVID-19疫苗可将90%的个体（包括风险增加的个体）的抗体提高到高水平。在实验中，Cheetham等人在参与英国两项大型长期健康研究的9361个人中测量了针对导致COVID-19的病毒的抗体。实验发现，建议避免感染病毒的英国人，因为他们患并发症的风险增加，在接种一到两剂疫苗后，抗体水平低于没有这种风险因素的人。这种差异在第三次加强剂量后也可以看到，但总体抗体水平有很大的增加。首次接种牛津/阿斯利康疫苗的人在接种一剂或两剂疫苗后的抗体水平也低于首次接种辉瑞/BioNTech疫苗的人。积极的是，在第三次加强剂量后，这种抗体水平的差异不再出现。在第一次注射后抗体水平较低的个体在接下来的几个月里也更有可能感染COVID-19。在第三次注射后，大多数人的抗体水平都很高。研究结果可能有助于政府和公共卫生官员确定在接种了头两剂疫苗后可能需要额外保护的个体。他们还支持目前促进加强剂量疫苗的政策，并可能支持在未来的疫苗接种运动中优先为COVID-19风险最高的人提供加强剂量。
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody levels can be used to assess humoral immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination, and may predict risk of future infection. Higher levels of SARS-CoV-2 anti-Spike antibodies are known to be associated with increased protection against future SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, variation in antibody levels and risk factors for lower antibody levels following each round of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination have not been explored across a wide range of socio-demographic, SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, and health factors within population-based cohorts. Samples were collected from 9361 individuals from TwinsUK and ALSPAC UK population-based longitudinal studies and tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Cross-sectional sampling was undertaken jointly in April-May 2021 (TwinsUK, N=4256; ALSPAC, N=4622), and in TwinsUK only in November 2021-January 2022 (N=3575). Variation in antibody levels after first, second, and third SARS-CoV-2 vaccination with health, socio-demographic, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination variables were analysed. Using multivariable logistic regression models, we tested associations between antibody levels following vaccination and: (1) SARS-CoV-2 infection following vaccination(s); (2) health, socio-demographic, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination variables. Within TwinsUK, single-vaccinated individuals with the lowest 20% of anti-Spike antibody levels at initial testing had threefold greater odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection over the next 6–9 months (OR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.4, 6.0), compared to the top 20%. In TwinsUK and ALSPAC, individuals identified as at increased risk of COVID-19 complication through the UK ‘Shielded Patient List’ had consistently greater odds (two- to fourfold) of having antibody levels in the lowest 10%. Third vaccination increased absolute antibody levels for almost all individuals, and reduced relative disparities compared with earlier vaccinations. These findings quantify the association between antibody level and risk of subsequent infection, and support a policy of triple vaccination for the generation of protective antibodies. Antibody testing was funded by UK Health Security Agency. The National Core Studies program is funded by COVID-19 Longitudinal Health and Wellbeing – National Core Study (LHW-NCS) HMT/UKRI/MRC ([MC_PC_20030] and [MC_PC_20059]). Related funding was also provided by the NIHR 606 (CONVALESCENCE grant [COV-LT-0009]). TwinsUK is funded by the Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council, Versus Arthritis, European Union Horizon 2020, Chronic Disease Research Foundation (CDRF), Zoe Ltd and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Clinical Research Network (CRN) and Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust in partnership with King’s College London. The UK Medical Research Council and Wellcome (Grant ref: [217065/Z/19/Z]) and the University of Bristol provide core support for ALSPAC. Vaccination against the virus that causes COVID-19 triggers the body to produce antibodies that help fight future infections. But some people generate more antibodies after vaccination than others. People with lower levels of antibodies are more likely to get COVID-19 in the future. Identifying people with low antibody levels after COVID-19 vaccination is important. It could help decide who receives priority for future vaccination. Previous studies show that people with certain health conditions produce fewer antibodies after one or two doses of a COVID-19 vaccine. For example, people with weakened immune systems. Now that third booster doses are available, it is vital to determine if they increase antibody levels for those most at risk of severe COVID-19. Cheetham et al. show that a third booster dose of a COVID-19 vaccine boosts antibodies to high levels in 90% of individuals, including those at increased risk. In the experiments, Cheetham et al. measured antibodies against the virus that causes COVID-19 in 9,361 individuals participating in two large long-term health studies in the United Kingdom. The experiments found that UK individuals advised to shield from the virus because they were at increased risk of complications had lower levels of antibodies after one or two vaccine doses than individuals without such risk factors. This difference was also seen after a third booster dose, but overall antibody levels had large increases. People who received the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine as their first dose also had lower antibody levels after one or two doses than those who received the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine first. Positively, this difference in antibody levels was no longer seen after a third booster dose. Individuals with lower antibody levels after their first dose were also more likely to have a case of COVID-19 in the following months. Antibody levels were high in most individuals after the third dose. The results may help governments and public health officials identify individuals who may need extra protection after the first two vaccine doses. They also support current policies promoting booster doses of the vaccine and may support prioritizing booster doses for those at the highest risk from COVID-19 in future vaccination campaigns.
第二剂 BNT162b2 疫苗后 100 至 200 天，抗 SARS-CoV-2 尖峰抗体水平减弱。
影响因子：
7.8
作者：
Matsunaga H;Takeuchi H;Oba Y;Fujimi S;Honda T;Tomonaga K
通讯作者：
Tomonaga K