Chloroplast DNA variation and postglacial recolonization of common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) in Europe
Chloroplast DNA variation and postglacial recolonization of common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) in Europe
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-294x.2004.02333.x
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发表时间：
2004-11-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Vendramin, GG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heuertz, M;Fineschi, S;Vendramin, GG
我们使用叶绿体聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）和叶绿体微卫星来评估整个自然范围内的普通白蜡（Fraxinus excelsior L.）的遗传变异结构和冰后期历史，欧洲森林中的一种阔叶树，风媒传粉，风传播。多态性水平较低，在201个群体中，只有12个单倍型在4个多态性微卫星，和两个PCR-RFLP单倍型在一个子集的62个群体。正如花粉化石数据所表明的那样，五种最常见的单倍型所显示的清晰的地理模式与位于伊比利亚半岛、意大利、阿尔卑斯山东部和巴尔干半岛的火山灰冰川避难所一致。低的叶绿体DNA突变率、与白蜡生活史特征相关的冰川避难所低的有效种群规模以及冰后期扩张的特征被认为是解释低水平多态性的原因。种群间的分化程度较高（G（ST）= 0.89），反映了分化谱系间的混合较差。因此，先前在整个西欧和中欧的核微卫星上发现的高度同质的遗传模式的负责因素（Heuertz et al. 2004）必须是有效的冰后期花粉流动。在这两个标记系统的变化模式的进一步比较表明，核微卫星识别复杂的分化模式，在东南欧仍然未检测到叶绿体微卫星。结果表明，来自不同标记的数据应该结合起来，以捕捉一个物种中最重要的遗传模式。
We used chloroplast polymerase chain reaction-restriction-fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and chloroplast microsatellites to assess the structure of genetic variation and postglacial history across the entire natural range of the common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), a broad-leaved wind-pollinated and wind-dispersed European forest tree. A low level of polymorphism was observed, with only 12 haplotypes at four polymorphic microsatellites in 201 populations, and two PCR-RFLP haplotypes in a subset of 62 populations. The clear geographical pattern displayed by the five most common haplotypes was in agreement with glacial refugia for ash being located in Iberia, Italy, the eastern Alps and the Balkan Peninsula, as had been suggested from fossil pollen data. A low chloroplast DNA mutation rate, a low effective population size in glacial refugia related to ash's life history traits, as well as features of postglacial expansion were put forward to explain the low level of polymorphism. Differentiation among populations was high (G(ST) = 0.89), reflecting poor mixing among recolonizing lineages. Therefore, the responsible factor for the highly homogeneous genetic pattern previously identified at nuclear microsatellites throughout western and central Europe (Heuertz et al. 2004) must have been efficient postglacial pollen flow. Further comparison of variation patterns at both marker systems revealed that nuclear microsatellites identified complex differentiation patterns in south-eastern Europe which remained undetected with chloroplast microsatellites. The results suggest that data from different markers should be combined in order to capture the most important genetic patterns in a species.