Prevalence and causes of low vision and blindness in a Japanese adult population - The Tajimi Study
Prevalence and causes of low vision and blindness in a Japanese adult population - The Tajimi Study
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.04.022
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发表时间：
2006-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
13.7
通讯作者：
Kitazawa, Yoshiaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Iwase, Aiko;Araie, Makoto;Kitazawa, Yoshiaki
目的：确定日本成年人群中低视力和失明的患病率和原因。设计：基于人群的横断面研究。参与者：随机选择的居民（n = 3870），年龄40岁或以上。在3021名研究参与者中，（占3870名合资格人士的78.1%），2977（76.9%）接受了完整的眼科检查，包括使用Landolt环形视力表在5 m处测量最佳矫正视力（BCVA）和完全主观验光。对低视力和失明的年龄和性别特异性患病率进行了估计，并确定了原因。低视力和失明定义为较好眼的BCVA低于20/60至20/400的下限和低于20/400，分别（世界卫生组织[WHO]标准）和差于20/40但好于20/200和20/200或更差结果：根据WHO或美国标准，失明的总患病率为0.14%（n = 4; 95%置信区间[CI]，0.06-0.32）。主要病因为视神经萎缩、近视性黄斑变性、视网膜色素变性和葡萄膜炎。根据WHO标准，低视力的总患病率为0.39%（95% CI，0.18%-0.60%），根据美国标准为0.98%（95%CI，0.66%-1.30%），女性和老年参与者中的这一比例显著高于年轻参与者（P = 0.0079和< 0.0001）。低视力的主要原因依次为白内障，其次是青光眼，单眼失明的近视性黄斑变性，青光眼，和traumatic.Conclusions：在日本成年人的低视力和失明的患病率是最低的报道之一。低视力的主要原因是白内障和青光眼，单眼盲的主要原因是近视性黄斑变性。
Objective: To determine the prevalence and causes of low vision and blindness in a Japanese adult population.Design: Population-based cross-sectional study.Participants: Randomly selected residents (n = 3870) of Tajimi City, Japan, who were 40 years of age or older.Methods: Of the 3021 study participants (78.1% of 3870 eligible persons), 2977 (76.9%) underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination including measurement of the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) with full subjective refraction using a Landolt ring chart at 5 m. Age- and gender-specific prevalence rates of low vision and blindness were estimated and causes were identified.Main Outcome Measures: Low vision and blindness were defined as BCVA in the better eye worse than 20/60 to a lower limit of 20/400 and worse than 20/400, respectively (World Health Organization [WHO] criteria) and worse than 20/40 but better than 20/200 and 20/200 or worse, respectively (United States criteria).Results: The overall prevalence of blindness according to the WHO or U.S. criteria was 0.14% (n = 4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06-0.32). The primary causes were optic atrophy, myopic macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, and uveitis. The overall prevalence of low vision according to the WHO criteria was 0.39% (95% CI, 0.18%-0.60%) and according to the U.S. criteria was 0.98% (95% CI, 0.66%-1.30%), which was significantly greater in women and in the older half of the participants than in the younger half (P = 0.0079 and < 0.0001, respectively). The leading causes of low vision in descending order were cataract followed by glaucoma, and those of monocular blindness were myopic macular degeneration, glaucoma, and trauma.Conclusions: The prevalence of low vision and blindness in Japanese adults was one of the lowest among those reported. The major causes of low vision were cataract and glaucoma, and the leading cause of monocular blindness was myopic macular degeneration.