Toward a science of delivering aid with dignity: Experimental evidence and local forecasts from Kenya.
Toward a science of delivering aid with dignity: Experimental evidence and local forecasts from Kenya.
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走向有尊严地提供援助的科学：来自肯尼亚的实验证据和当地预测。
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1917046117
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Walton,GregoryM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Thomas,CatherineC;Otis,NicholasG;Abraham,JustinR;Markus,HazelRose;Walton,GregoryM
政府和非营利组织如何设计援助计划，为受援者提供尊严和促进有益的结果？我们将尊严概念化为一种状态，当与接受援助相关的耻辱感得到反击，受援者得到赋权时，这种状态就会表现出来，这两种方式都具有文化共鸣。然而，来自非洲最大的现金转移方案的材料主要将受援者描述为贫困和弱势群体。三项研究审查了替代性援助叙述对现金转移接受者和捐助者的因果影响。在研究1中，肯尼亚内罗毕的低收入居民（N =565）接受了基于现金的援助，并随机分配了一个叙述：默认的赤字为重点的“扶贫”叙述，“个人赋权”叙述，或“社区赋权”叙述。然后，他们选择是否花时间培养商业技能或观看休闲视频。这两种赋权叙事都提高了自我效能和预期的社会流动性，但只有“社区赋权”叙事显著激励受援者选择培养技能和减少耻辱。鉴于提供援助的背景多种多样，各组织如何在一个背景下快速确定有效的叙述？我们要求接受者预测哪种叙述最能激励他们社区的技能建设。在研究2中，这种“局部预测”方法在准确排名治疗方面优于参与者评估和实验飞行员。最后，研究3证实，对受援国最有效的叙述并没有削弱捐助国为该计划捐款的意愿。这些研究表明，在援助设计中考虑到受援国的心理和社会文化现实，可以给受援国以尊严，并有助于实现援助的潜力。
How can governments and nonprofits design aid programs that afford dignity and facilitate beneficial outcomes for recipients? We conceptualize dignity as a state that manifests when the stigma associated with receiving aid is countered and recipients are empowered, both in culturally resonant ways. Yet materials from the largest cash transfer programs in Africa predominantly characterize recipients as needy and vulnerable. Three studies examined the causal effects of alternative aid narratives on cash transfer recipients and donors. In study 1, residents of low-income settlements in Nairobi, Kenya (N =565) received cash-based aid accompanied by a randomly assigned narrative: the default deficit-focused “Poverty Alleviation” narrative, an “Individual Empowerment” narrative, or a “Community Empowerment” narrative. They then chose whether to spend time building business skills or watching leisure videos. Both empowerment narratives improved self-efficacy and anticipated social mobility, but only the “Community Empowerment” narrative significantly motivated recipients’ choice to build skills and reduced stigma. Given the diverse settings in which aid is delivered, how can organizations quickly identify effective narratives in a context? We asked recipients to predict which narrative would best motivate skill-building in their community. In study 2, this “local forecasting” methodology outperformed participant evaluations and experimental pilots in accurately ranking treatments. Finally, study 3 confirmed that the narrative most effective for recipients did not undermine donors’ willingness to contribute to the program. Together these studies show that responding to recipients’ psychological and sociocultural realities in the design of aid can afford recipients dignity and help realize aid’s potential.