Critical Phenomena in the Gravitational Collapse of Electromagnetic Waves
Critical Phenomena in the Gravitational Collapse of Electromagnetic Waves
复制标题
电磁波引力塌缩的关键现象
DOI：
10.1103/physrevlett.123.171103
复制
发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
8.6
通讯作者：
Hilditch, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baumgarte, Thomas W.;Gundlach, Carsten;Hilditch, David
我们对轴对称电磁波引力塌缩中黑洞形成的阈值进行了数值研究。我们发现近亚临界数据的时间演化中最大密度的近似幂律缩放，其中 是初始数据的幅度。我们直接观察到近临界时间演化中的近似离散自相似性，其对数尺度回波周期为 。对于两个初始数据族，关键解决方案大致相同，提供了一些普遍性的证据。然而，离散的自相似性和普遍性都不准确。我们推测，精确离散自相似性的缺失可能是由于电磁波和引力波自由度的相互作用，或者由于高阶角多极子的存在，或者两者兼而有之，并讨论了我们的发现对真空引力波临界坍缩的影响。
We numerically investigate the threshold of black-hole formation in the gravitational collapse of electromagnetic waves in axisymmetry. We find approximate power-law scalingof the maximum density in the time evolution of near-subcritical data with, whereis the amplitude of the initial data. We directly observe approximate discrete self-similarity in near-critical time evolutions with a log-scale echoing period of. The critical solution is approximately the same for two families of initial data, providing some evidence of universality. Neither the discrete self-similarity nor the universality, however, are exact. We speculate that the absence of an exactly discrete self-similarity might be caused by the interplay of electromagnetic and gravitational wave degrees of freedom, or by the presence of higher-order angular multipoles, or both, and discuss implications of our findings for the critical collapse of vacuum gravitational waves.