Global Gold Production Touching Ground - Expansion, Informalization, and Technological Innovation
Global Gold Production Touching Ground - Expansion, Informalization, and Technological Innovation
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全球黄金生产触底——扩张、信息化和技术创新
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-030-38486-9_12
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fisher E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fisher E
尽管已知的金矿蕴藏着巨大的潜力，乌干达却没有大规模金矿开采的历史。相反，黄金的故事主要集中在非正式的手工和小规模金矿开采（ASGM）以及遍及该地区的黄金贸易上。最近全球黄金投资趋势的变化正在刺激黄金精炼和工业开采的扩张。在这里，我们探讨这些趋势如何在乌干达的背景下得到阐述，重点是ASGM。反映民族主义话语和新的规划重点，政府今天将黄金描述为“国宝”和发展转型的引擎。为此目的，并按照多边机构所提倡的倡议，它设法鼓励工业部门，同时使小型金矿开采正规化。这些形式化的动态是嵌入在这样一个背景下的：一个半专制政权为（跨国）国家精英提供特权，这些精英在黄金领域的利益延伸到采矿、（跨国）国家贸易和精炼领域。在这种背景下，我们重复了一个熟悉的故事，即强调对工业采矿的投资，而制度和监管能力薄弱，即正规化使一些金矿商享有特权，同时加剧了不平等，破坏了公平的潜力，并贬低了更广泛的行业对人们生计的价值。
Despite the potential of its known gold deposits, Uganda has no history of large-scale gold mining. Instead, the story of gold focuses largely on informal artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) and on the gold trade that extends through the region. Recent changing global trends in gold investment are stimulating the expansion of both refining and industrial extraction. Here we explore how these trends become articulated in the Ugandan context, with a focus on ASGM. Reflecting nationalistic discourse and new planning priorities, government today characterises gold as a “national treasure” and an engine for development transformation. To this end, and in line with initiatives promoted by multilateral agencies, it seeks to encourage the industrial sector coupled with the formalisation of small-scale gold mining. These formalisation dynamics are embedded within a context in which a semi-authoritarian regime privileges a (trans)national elite whose interests in gold extend into mining and into (trans)national trade and refining. Against this background, we echo a familiar story where emphasis is placed on investment in industrial mining and where institutional and regulatory capacity is weak, namely that formalisation privileges some gold miners while reinforcing inequalities, undermining potential for equity and discounting the value of the wider sector for people’s livelihoods.