Extreme climate events and individual heterogeneity shape life-history traits and population dynamics
Extreme climate events and individual heterogeneity shape life-history traits and population dynamics
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DOI：
10.1890/14-1834.1
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发表时间：
2015-11-01
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Weimerskirch, Henri
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jenouvrier, Stephanie;Peron, Clara;Weimerskirch, Henri
极端气候条件及其生态影响目前正在成为气候变化的重要特征。我们研究了极端海冰条件（ESIC），发现它对南极海鸟的生活史特征和种群动态的影响远远超出了普通的变化。南方管鼻蝠（Fulmarus glacialoides）是一种依赖冰的海鸟，个体在冰缘附近觅食。在一个极端不利的一年（当海冰面积减少，冰缘和殖民地之间的距离高），观察到的觅食行程的距离和持续时间更大。结果，成年鸟给雏鸟带来的食物更少，雏鸟在最差的身体条件下长出翅膀。在这种不利的年份，繁殖成功率极低，种群增长率（）大大降低。相反的模式发生在极端有利的年份。以前的繁殖状况对生活史性状和种群动态以及它们对极端条件的反应有很大的影响。成功的育种者有更高的机会繁殖和提高他们的小鸡成功地在接下来的繁殖季节相比，其他繁殖阶段，无论环境条件如何。因此，他们更好地应对不利的ESIC。繁殖成功的繁殖者的生命率的变化的影响是大于其他阶段的生命率，除了繁殖前的招聘概率，这最受影响。对于环境特点是普通海冰条件下，个体间的差异更有可能持续在个人的生活和随机性的个人途径是低的，这表明个体异质性的生命率所产生的先天或后天的表型性状。此外，不利的ESIC往往会加剧内在质量的个体差异，通过生殖状态的差异表达。我们讨论了强大的影响，ESIC南方管鼻蝠生活史特征的进化背景下。ESICs强烈影响健身组件和作为潜在的重要代理的自然选择的生活史相关的内在质量和间歇性繁殖。此外，补充是一种高度可塑性的特征，如果可以遗传，可能在生命史的进化中发挥关键作用。最后，我们发现，极端事件发生频率的变化可能会强烈影响南方管鼻蝠种群的持久性。
Extreme climatic conditions and their ecological impacts are currently emerging as critical features of climate change. We studied extreme sea ice condition (ESIC) and found it impacts both life-history traits and population dynamics of an Antarctic seabird well beyond ordinary variability. The Southern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialoides) is an ice-dependent seabird, and individuals forage near the ice edge. During an extreme unfavorable year (when sea ice area is reduced and distance between ice edge and colony is high), observed foraging trips were greater in distance and duration. As a result, adults brought less food to their chicks, which fledged in the poorest body condition. During such unfavorable years, breeding success was extremely low and population growth rate () was greatly reduced. The opposite pattern occurred during extreme favorable years. Previous breeding status had a strong influence on life-history traits and population dynamics, and their responses to extreme conditions. Successful breeders had a higher chance of breeding and raising their chick successfully during the following breeding season as compared to other breeding stages, regardless of environmental conditions. Consequently, they coped better with unfavorable ESIC. The effect of change in successful breeder vital rates on was greater than for other stages' vital rates, except for pre-breeder recruitment probabilities, which most affected . For environments characterized by ordinary sea ice conditions, interindividual differences were more likely to persist over the life of individuals and randomness in individual pathways was low, suggesting individual heterogeneity in vital rates arising from innate or acquired phenotypic traits. Additionally, unfavorable ESIC tended to exacerbate individual differences in intrinsic quality, expressed through differences in reproductive status. We discuss the strong effects of ESIC on Southern Fulmar life-history traits in an evolutionary context. ESICs strongly affect fitness components and act as potentially important agents of natural selection of life histories related to intrinsic quality and intermittent breeding. In addition, recruitment is a highly plastic trait that, if heritable, could have a critical role in evolution of life histories. Finally, we find that changes in the frequency of extreme events may strongly impact persistence of Southern Fulmar populations.