The Role of Animacy in Teiwa and Abui (Papuan)
The Role of Animacy in Teiwa and Abui (Papuan)
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生命力在《Teiwa》和《Abui》（巴布亚）中的作用
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发表时间：
2006
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通讯作者：
František Kratochvil
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作者：
M. Klamer;František Kratochvil
0.引言在本文中，我们讨论的Teiwa和Abui，两个跨新几内亚的语言在东帝汶北部的两个小岛上讲的语法中的作用的生命。Teiwa在Pantar岛上约有6，000人讲，Abui在Alor岛上约有16，000人讲。本文基于2003 - 2005年现场收集的原始数据（参见Klamer，准备中; Kratochvil，in prep.）。虽然在巴布亚语中动词上发现代名词词缀是很常见的，但Teiwa和Abui代表了少数巴布亚语只附加及物宾语（P），而不是主语（A）（Foley 1986：102 - 104，Foley 2000：377）。Teiwa的对齐系统是主谓对齐系统，而Abui则是施事对齐系统。在这两种语言中，A都被表达为一个独立的NP，位于动词前的位置。Ps总是出现在A和V之间，或者作为词汇NP，或者作为动词前缀，或者两者兼而有之。在本文中，我们专注于前缀的P，并显示它是如何影响的生命值的所指的P。有生命的实体是一个显着的概念范畴。在第一语言习得中，实体的生命性起着重要的作用：有生命的实体是幼儿最先注意到的，是第一个被个性化的物体，而指有生命的实体的名词构成了儿童获得的第一个词汇项目的大部分（参见第二章）。Gentner 1982，Gentner and Boroditsky 2001）。除了在词汇习得中发挥作用外，生命性还决定了语言语法系统的各个方面。在动词领域，它可以决定代词的一致性或交叉引用模式，如在那些语言中，有生命的物体被标记在动词上，而无生命的物体则没有这样的标记。这导致了语法系统在语法上的“不对称”（Ortmann 1998），也被称为“差异对象标记”（Bossong 1991，Aissen 2003）。具有非对称系统的语言示例
0. Introduction In this paper we discuss the role of animacy in the grammar of Teiwa and Abui, two Trans New Guinea languages spoken on two small islands just north of Timor in Eastern Indonesia. Teiwa has approximately 6,000 speakers on Pantar island, and Abui has approximately 16,000 speakers on Alor island. The paper is based on primary data collected on site in 2003-2005 (cf. Klamer, in prep.; Kratochvil, in prep.). While it is common to find pronominal affixes on verbs in Papuan languages, Teiwa and Abui represent the small minority of Papuan languages that only affix transitive objects (P), not subjects (A) (Foley 1986:102-104, Foley 2000:377). The alignment system of Teiwa is nominative-accusative, while Abui has an agentive alignment system. In both languages, A is expressed as an independent NP in preverbal position. Ps always occur in between A and V, either as a lexical NP or as a verbal prefix, or as both. In this paper, we focus on the prefixation of P and show how it is influenced by the animacy value of the referent of P. Animate entities are a salient conceptual category. In first language acquisition, the animacy of entities plays an important role: animate entities are the first to be noticed by young infants, the first objects to be individualized, and nouns referring to animate entities make up the majority of the first lexical items that children acquire (cf. Gentner 1982, Gentner and Boroditsky 2001). Apart from playing a role in the acquisition of words, animacy also determines aspects of the grammatical system of languages. In the verbal domain, it may determine pronominal agreement or cross-reference patterns, as in those languages where animate objects are marked on the verb, while inanimate objects are not so marked. This results in grammatical systems that are grammatically ‘asymmetrical’ (Ortmann 1998), also referred to as ‘differential object marking’ (Bossong 1991, Aissen 2003). Examples of languages with asymmetrical systems