Diversity and distribution of the tick-borne relapsing fever spirochete Borrelia turicatae.
Diversity and distribution of the tick-borne relapsing fever spirochete Borrelia turicatae.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0009868
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发表时间：
2021-11
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Lopez JE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krishnavajhala A;Armstrong BA;Kneubehl AR;Gunter SM;Piccione J;Kim HJ;Ramirez R;Castro-Arellano I;Roachell W;Teel PD;Lopez JE
疏螺旋体是美国和拉丁美洲亚热带和热带地区蜱传回归热 (TBRF) 的病原体。从历史上看，B. turicatae被认为是在农村地区的地方性动物循环中维持的。然而，越来越多的证据表明该病原体已在德克萨斯州人口稠密的地区建立了流行病灶。随着该州无家可归者的增加和城市公园中人类活动的增加，开展实地收集工作以确定 B. turicatae 及其媒介传播的区域非常重要。 2017 年至 2020 年间，我们在郊区和城市地区（包括公共和私人公园以及休闲场所）收集了 Ornithodoros turicata 蜱。将蜱喂给幼鼠，并从血液中分离出螺旋体。对八个新获得的分离株进行多位点序列分型 (MLST)，其中包括之前报告的序列。 MLST 靶向的四个染色体位点是 16S 核糖体 RNA (rrs)、鞭毛蛋白 B (flaB)、DNA 旋转酶 B (gyrB) 和基因间间隔区 (IGS)。鉴于疏螺旋体基因组的复杂性，还评估了质粒多样性。这些研究表明，IGS 基因座将 B. turicatae 分为四种基因组类型，并且分离株之间的质粒多样性广泛。此外，B. turicatae 及其媒介已在德克萨斯州人口稠密地区的公园和休闲区建立了地方病疫源地。在美洲，蜱传回归热螺旋体的范围和遗传多样性仍然不明确。疏螺旋体是美国西南部和东部以及拉丁美洲的主要物种，最近的研究表明，该病原体及其媒介已在美国人口稠密的地区建立了地方病疫源地。考虑到城市增长速度以及大城市中绿地的融入，这项研究支持了之前关于 B. turicatae 扩张的研究。
Borrelia turicatae is a causative agent of tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) in the subtropics and tropics of the United States and Latin America. Historically, B. turicatae was thought to be maintained in enzootic cycles in rural areas. However, there is growing evidence that suggests the pathogen has established endemic foci in densely populated regions of Texas. With the growth of homelessness in the state and human activity in city parks, it was important to implement field collection efforts to identify areas where B. turicatae and its vector circulate. Between 2017 and 2020 we collected Ornithodoros turicata ticks in suburban and urban areas including public and private parks and recreational spaces. Ticks were fed on naïve mice and spirochetes were isolated from the blood. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed on eight newly obtained isolates and included previously reported sequences. The four chromosomal loci targeted for MLST were 16S ribosomal RNA (rrs), flagellin B (flaB), DNA gyrase B (gyrB), and the intergenic spacer (IGS). Given the complexity of Borrelia genomes, plasmid diversity was also evaluated. These studies indicate that the IGS locus segregates B. turicatae into four genomic types and plasmid diversity is extensive between isolates. Furthermore, B. turicatae and its vector have established endemic foci in parks and recreational areas in densely populated settings of Texas. In the Americas, the range and genetic diversity of tick-borne relapsing fever spirochetes remains poorly defined. Borrelia turicatae is the predominant species in the southwestern and eastern portions of the United States and Latin America, and recent studies suggests the pathogens and their vectors have established endemic foci in highly populated areas of the United States. Given the rate of urban growth and the incorporation of green spaces into large cities, this study supports previous work suggesting the expansion of B. turicatae.
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