The benefit of wrapping trees in biodegradable material netting to protect against bark stripping by bears extends to surrounding stands
The benefit of wrapping trees in biodegradable material netting to protect against bark stripping by bears extends to surrounding stands
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用可生物降解的材料网包裹树木以防止树皮被熊剥落的好处也延伸到了周围的林地
DOI：
10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.037
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Koike Shinsuke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kobashikawa Shoko;Trentin Bruna;Koike Shinsuke
亚洲黑熊(Ursus Thibetanus)的剥皮对日本的针叶树种植园造成了严重影响。预防战略往往是通过用可生物降解的胶带或网将直立的树木包裹起来，以逐棵树的方式实施的。然而，目前尚不清楚安装这些材料是否会对周围林木中未经处理的树木产生有利影响。这项研究的目的是阐明安装这些材料对邻近地区熊剥树皮的影响。这项研究是在日本中部群马县东部进行的。我们选择了113个用这些材料钝化的柳杉和沙棘林和162个未处理的林分(7963株)。在未经处理的林分中，我们建立了正方形地块，并计算了熊的损害率。用广义线性混合模型分析了各种因素对树皮剥离的影响，并用分段回归分析确定了处理林分在建材后，未处理林分的剥树皮率是否有所增加。处理林在建材后1年和2 对杉木和柏木的损害率分别为0%和0%。而未处理林分的杉木和柏木在建材后1年分别为2.6% ± 1.8%和2.7% ± 1.2%，2 年时分别为2.7 ± 1.5%和2.8 ± 1.2%。我们发现，在安装1或2 年后，熊的树皮剥离往往发生在远离处理林分的未处理林分中。分段回归模型表明，处理后1年和2 时，近处理林分的剥皮伤害率明显低于断点外的林分，而在较远的林分中，剥皮伤害率仅略有增加。我们的研究结果表明，在选定的林分中安装胶带或网，可以在一定距离内遏制周围林分剥皮损坏的发生。也就是说，个别林地的材料安装并没有导致周围地区流离失所的剥树皮活动。
Bark stripping by Asian black bears (Ursus thibetanus) has a serious impact on conifer plantations in Japan. Prevention strategies tend to be implemented on a tree-by-tree basis by wrapping standing trees in biodegradable tape or netting. It remains unclear, however, whether installing these materials has a beneficial effect on untreated trees in surrounding stands. The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of installing these materials on bark stripping by bears in neighboring areas. The study was conducted in eastern Gunma Prefecture, central Japan. We selected 113 stands ofCryptomeria japonicaandChamaecyparis obtusatreated with these materials and 162 untreated stands (7963 trees). In untreated stands, we established square plots and calculated the rates of damage by bears. Generalized linear mixed models were used to analyze the effects of various factors on bark stripping, and segmented regression analysis was used to determine whether the rate of bark stripping in untreated stands had increased after material installation in treated stands. The rates of damage to Japanese cedar and Japanese cypress by bears in treated stands 1 or 2 years after material installation were 0% and 0%, respectively. In contrast, rates of damage to Japanese cedar and Japanese cypress in untreated stands surrounding the treated stands were 2.6% ± 1.8% and 2.7% ± 1.2%, respectively, at 1 year and 2.7 ± 1.5% and 2.8 ± 1.2%, respectively, at 2 years after material installation. We found that bark stripping by bears tended to occur in untreated stands far from treated stands at 1 or 2 years after installation. The segmented regression models showed that the rate of occurrence of bark-stripping damage at 1 and 2 years after treatment was markedly lower in untreated stands close to treated stands than in those beyond the breakpoints, and it increased only weakly in farther stands. Our findings indicate that installing tape or netting in selected stands can curb the occurrence of bark-stripping damage in surrounding stands within a certain distance. That is, material installation in individual stands did not lead to displaced bark-stripping activity in surrounding areas.