LIFE HISTORIES AS ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES
LIFE HISTORIES AS ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/0022-5193(76)90062-x
复制
发表时间：
1976-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
LEON, JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
LEON, JA
利用最优控制理论建立了稳态环境下生命史演化的一般模型。几个不同的趋势，在目前的生活史理论，从而统一。最优生活史（OLH）被定义为使个体适应度（密度无关种群中的马尔萨斯参数，密度依赖种群中的承载力）最大化的生活史。由于适应度的组成部分取决于表型，因此OLH的搜索是在表型空间中完成的。通过在生长、生存和繁殖的冲突过程之间分配在任何年龄获得的能量来控制优化。简要回顾了与此问题有关的动态优化方法，并对其结果进行了生物学解释。其中，庞特里亚金的方法被选中，并用来检查一些简单的模型。这种方法导致一个对偶变量的定义匹配到每个表型变量，预期值。这提供了在任何年龄作用于表型特征以将其推向与OLH一致的选择压力的指标。在这些双重变量较低的年龄（即，在任何人群中，OLH周围的表型变异可能更大。本文讨论了生殖努力在整个生活史上的最优分配问题。
Optimal control theory is used to produce a general model of life history evolution in a stationary environment. Several disparate trends in current theorizing on life histories are thereby unified. An optimal life history (OLH) is defined as one which maximizes individual fitness (the Malthusian parameter in density-independent populations, the carrying capacity in density-dependent ones). Since the components of fitness depend on the phenotype, the search for an OLH is accomplished in phenotypic space. The optimization is controlled by apportioning the energy obtained at any age between conflicting processes of growth, survival and reproduction. The methods of dynamic optimization pertaining to this problem are reviewed briefly, and its results interpreted biologically. Of these, Pontryagin''s method is selected and used to examine some simple models. This method leads to a definition of a dual variable matched to each phenotypic variable, the prospective value. This provides an indicator of the selective pressures acting at any age on a phenotypic feature to push it towards coincidence with the OLH. At ages in which these dual variables are low (i.e., late ages) there probably will be greater phenotypic variability around the OLH in any population. The problem of the optimal distribution of reproductive effort over the life history is discussed.