Stem cells, growth factors and scaffolds in craniofacial regenerative medicine.
Stem cells, growth factors and scaffolds in craniofacial regenerative medicine.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.gendis.2015.09.004
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发表时间：
2016-03
期刊：
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Reid RR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tollemar V;Collier ZJ;Mohammed MK;Lee MJ;Ameer GA;Reid RR
目前针对大型颅面骨骼缺陷的重建方法通常很复杂且具有挑战性。临界尺寸的缺损无法通过自然再生过程愈合，需要进行手术干预，传统上涉及自体骨（主要以非血管化移植物的形式）或同种异体。尽管存在供体部位发病的相关风险，自体骨移植仍然是护理的黄金标准。组织工程方法是一种有前途的替代方法，即使在大的颅面骨骼缺陷中也能促进骨再生。该策略已经通过利用各种骨传导支架材料、成骨干细胞以及骨诱导生长因子和小分子进行了无数次的测试。组织工程师面临的主要挑战之一是创建一种满足受控骨再生所需特性的支架。这些特性包括骨传导、骨诱导、生物相容性、生物可降解性、血管化和祖细胞保留。本综述将概述上述支架参数的优化如何促进骨再生能力，并讨论常见的骨传导支架材料。
Current reconstructive approaches to large craniofacial skeletal defects are often complicated and challenging. Critical-sized defects are unable to heal via natural regenerative processes and require surgical intervention, traditionally involving autologous bone (mainly in the form of nonvascularized grafts) or alloplasts. Autologous bone grafts remain the gold standard of care in spite of the associated risk of donor site morbidity. Tissue engineering approaches represent a promising alternative that would serve to facilitate bone regeneration even in large craniofacial skeletal defects. This strategy has been tested in a myriad of iterations by utilizing a variety of osteoconductive scaffold materials, osteoblastic stem cells, as well as osteoinductive growth factors and small molecules. One of the major challenges facing tissue engineers is creating a scaffold fulfilling the properties necessary for controlled bone regeneration. These properties include osteoconduction, osteoinduction, biocompatibility, biodegradability, vascularization, and progenitor cell retention. This review will provide an overview of how optimization of the aforementioned scaffold parameters facilitates bone regenerative capabilities as well as a discussion of common osteoconductive scaffold materials.