Differential expression of endogenous plant cell wall degrading enzyme genes in the stick insect (Phasmatodea) midgut.
Differential expression of endogenous plant cell wall degrading enzyme genes in the stick insect (Phasmatodea) midgut.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2164-15-917
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发表时间：
2014-10-21
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Johnson BR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shelomi M;Jasper WC;Atallah J;Kimsey LS;Johnson BR
与其他“草食性”多翅目昆虫不同，竹节虫（Phasmatodea）是一种专门以叶子为食的昆虫，没有杂食性的记录。它们代表了研究专性叶所需适应的理想系统，包括植物细胞壁降解酶（PCWDE）。然而，由于可用的基因组资源有限，人们对它们的生理学和内部解剖学知之甚少。我们从头组装了 6 种不同 Phasmatodea 物种的前中肠和后中肠的转录组，并在一种示例物种 Peruphasma schultei 上进行了 RNA 测序。后者的组装产生了超过 100,000 个转录本，其中超过 4000 个转录本在特定的中肠部分中独特或更高表达。两到三打 PCWDE 编码基因家族，包括纤维素酶和果胶酶，在前中肠中差异表达。这些基因也在噬粒脑组织的基因组 DNA 中发现，表明是内源性产生的。序列比对揭示了大多数 PCWDE 转录本上的催化位点。虽然大多数噬粒 PCWDE 基因与其他昆虫的基因同源，但果胶酶与细菌基因同源。我们鉴定了噬粒内源性的大量且多样化的 PCWDE 库。如果这些表达的基因被翻译成活性酶，那么理论上噬粒可以将植物细胞壁分解成独立于微生物共生体的单体成分。两个中肠部分之间的差异基因表达为它们在活噬粒中的功能提供了第一个分子线索。我们的工作扩大了动物源性PCWDE工业应用的可用资源，并促进了低等多新翅目消化酶的进化分析，包括起源于Phasmatodea的果胶酶，可能是来自细菌的水平转移事件。本文的在线版本 (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-917) 包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Stick and leaf insects (Phasmatodea) are an exclusively leaf-feeding order of insects with no record of omnivory, unlike other “herbivorous” Polyneoptera. They represent an ideal system for investigating the adaptations necessary for obligate folivory, including plant cell wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs). However, their physiology and internal anatomy is poorly understood, with limited genomic resources available. We de novo assembled transcriptomes for the anterior and posterior midguts of six diverse Phasmatodea species, with RNA-Seq on one exemplar species, Peruphasma schultei. The latter’s assembly yielded >100,000 transcripts, with over 4000 transcripts uniquely or more highly expressed in specific midgut sections. Two to three dozen PCWDE encoding gene families, including cellulases and pectinases, were differentially expressed in the anterior midgut. These genes were also found in genomic DNA from phasmid brain tissue, suggesting endogenous production. Sequence alignments revealed catalytic sites on most PCWDE transcripts. While most phasmid PCWDE genes showed homology with those of other insects, the pectinases were homologous to bacterial genes. We identified a large and diverse PCWDE repertoire endogenous to the phasmids. If these expressed genes are translated into active enzymes, then phasmids can theoretically break plant cell walls into their monomer components independently of microbial symbionts. The differential gene expression between the two midgut sections provides the first molecular hints as to their function in living phasmids. Our work expands the resources available for industrial applications of animal-derived PCWDEs, and facilitates evolutionary analysis of lower Polyneopteran digestive enzymes, including the pectinases whose origin in Phasmatodea may have been a horizontal transfer event from bacteria. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-917) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ibiod.2013.09.009
发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Busconi, Matteo;Berzolla, Alessia;Chiappini, Elisabetta
通讯作者：
Chiappini, Elisabetta
影响因子：
10.7
作者：
Davison, A;Blaxter, M
通讯作者：
Blaxter, M
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Chauhan, R.;Jones, R.;Ffrench-Constant, R. H.
通讯作者：
Ffrench-Constant, R. H.
DOI：
10.1007/10_2013_206
发表时间：
2013-01-01
期刊：
YELLOW BIOTECHNOLOGY II: INSECT BIOTECHNOLOGY IN PLANT PROTECTION AND INDUSTRY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Fischer, Rainer;Ostafe, Raluca;Twyman, Richard M.
通讯作者：
Twyman, Richard M.
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Francis WR;Christianson LM;Kiko R;Powers ML;Shaner NC;Haddock SH
通讯作者：
Haddock SH