Ten Years of Mrs. T.
Ten Years of Mrs. T.
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T 夫人的十年
DOI：
10.1086/654096
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发表时间：
1989
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
J. Symons
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Bean;J. Symons
我们认为，20 世纪 70 年代的特点是，面对强大的工会权力，通过使用收入政策和新社团主义机制，试图维持合作性的、低失业率的平衡。 20 世纪 80 年代，这种情况发生了转变，转向采取直接措施限制工会权力。这与采取紧缩的宏观经济政策一起解释了失业率最初的上升。经验证据表明，它在过去十年中的持续存在是由于长期失业对局外人的搜索行为的影响，而不是布兰查德和萨默斯等人所强调的局内人机制。工会权力的减少也有助于解释生产率增长的加速。英国工会运动的工艺性质导致了公司内部谈判单位的倍增。孤立地进行谈判时，工会可能会认为人员过多和其他限制性做法符合其利益，从而导致工资和生产率低下。工会权力的下降会导致这些低效率的减少，不仅会导致生产率的提高，还会导致工资的提高。横截面的经验证据支持这样的论点：存在多工会主义的地方生产率的加速是最大的。我们还展示了这如何解释税前和税后收益的扩大。
We argue that the 1970s were characterized by attempts to maintain a cooperative, low-unemployment equilibrium in the face of considerable union power, through the use of incomes policies and neo-corporatist machinery. The 1980s saw a shift away from this, toward direct measures to limit union power. This, together with the adoption of tight macroeconomic policies, explains the initial rise in unemployment. Empirical evidence suggests that its persistence throughout the decade is due to the effect of prolonged unemployment on the search behaviour of the outsiders, rather than the insider mechanism emphasized by Blanchard and Summers, and others. The reduction in union power also helps to explain the acceleration in productivity growth. The craft nature of much of the British union movement has led to a multiplication of bargaining units within firms. Bargaining in isolation a union can perceive overmanning and other restrictive practices as being in its interests, resulting in low wages and productivity. A fall in union power results in a reduction in these inefficiencies and leads not only to a rise in productivity but also in wages. Cross-section empirical evidence supports the thesis that the productivity acceleration has been greatest where multi-unionism is present. We also show how this explains the widening in pre-tax as well as post-tax earnings.
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1987
期刊：
The American Economic Review
影响因子：
--
作者：
O. Blanchard;N. Kiyotaki
通讯作者：
O. Blanchard;N. Kiyotaki