FEEDING RESPONSES TO PREDATOR-BASED REPELLENTS IN THE MOUNTAIN BEAVER (APLODONTIA-RUFA)
FEEDING RESPONSES TO PREDATOR-BASED REPELLENTS IN THE MOUNTAIN BEAVER (APLODONTIA-RUFA)
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DOI：
10.2307/2269363
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发表时间：
1995-11-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
SMITH, AB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
EPPLE, G;MASON, JR;SMITH, AB
捕食者的气味有可能作为哺乳动物食草动物，包括Aplodontia rufa，山海狸的喂食驱避剂。然而，该物种的天然捕食者气味的主要化学成分的驱避性尚未进行评估。在这项研究中，从捕食者的气味喂养山海狸的几种合成硫化合物的影响进行了评估，并比较了郊狼（犬latrans）尿的影响。检索的食物山海狸从碗香味与土狼尿，用水稀释到不同的浓度，合成成分的捕食者气味，或控制气味进行了研究。对以下合成化合物进行了测试：δ（3）-异戊烯基甲基硫醚（IMS），一种存在于几种犬科动物尿液中的化合物; 2，2二甲基硫杂环丁烷（DMT），水貂（Mustela vison）肛门腺分泌物中的主要成分; 2-丙基硫杂环丁烷（PT）和3-丙基-1，2-二硫杂环戊烷（PDT）的1：1混合物，存在于白鼬（Mustela erminea）和雪貂（Mustela putorius）肛门腺分泌物中的化合物。通过测量连续暴露于这些化合物5 d期间干颗粒的消耗量，研究PT加PDT的习惯性。在两种选择的喂养试验中，山海狸从有水气味的碗中比从有狼尿气味的碗中获得了更多的食物。尿液稀释对食物提取没有统计学显著影响，但驱避性往往随着浓度的降低而降低。山海狸检索较少的食物气味与PT和PDT的1：1的混合物，与对照组相比。但是，他们很快就习惯了这种混合物。其他化合物均未引起回避反应。这些结果表明，复杂的天然捕食者气味比它们的一些主要挥发性成分单独更有效的摄食驱避剂。
Predator odors have potential as feeding repellents for mammalian herbivores, including Aplodontia rufa, the mountain beaver. However, the repellency of major chemical constituents of natural predator scents for this species has not been evaluated. In this study, the effects of several synthetic sulfur compounds from predator scents on feeding by mountain beavers were assessed and compared to the effects of coyote (Canis latrans) urine. Retrieval of food by mountain beavers from bowls scented with either coyote urine, diluted with water to different concentrations, synthetic components of predator scents, or control odorants was studied. The following synthetic compounds were tested: Delta(3)-Isopentenyl methyl sulfide (IMS), a compound present in urine from several canid species; 2,2 dimethylthietane (DMT), a major constituent in anal gland secretion from the mink (Mustela vison); a 1:1 mixture of 2-propylthietane (PT) and 3-propyl-1,2-dithiolane (PDT), compounds occurring in anal gland secretions from the stoat (Mustela erminea) and the ferret (Mustela putorius). Habituation to PT plus PDT was studied by measuring consumption of dry pellets during continuous exposure to these compounds for 5 d. In two-choice feeding trials mountain beavers retrieved significantly more food from bowls scented with water than from bowls scented with coyote urine. Dilution of urine had no statistically significant effect on food retrieval, but repellency tended to decrease with decreasing concentration. Mountain beavers retrieved less food scented with a 1:1 mixture of PT and PDT, compared to controls. However, they rapidly habituated to this mixture. None of the other compounds caused an avoidance response. These results show that complex natural predator scents are more effective feeding repellents than some of their major volatile components alone.