Kratom Use and Toxicities in the United States
Kratom Use and Toxicities in the United States
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DOI：
10.1002/phar.2280
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发表时间：
2019-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Nelson, Lewis S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eggleston, William;Stoppacher, Robert;Nelson, Lewis S.
背景Kratom是一种草药补充剂，含有生物碱类药物的特性.这项审查是为了确定与kratom在美国使用相关的毒性，以深入了解其作为膳食补充剂的安全性。方法我们对国家毒物数据系统报告的kratom暴露进行了回顾性审查，以确定与kratom使用相关的毒性。我们还审查了纽约州县法医办公室的记录，以确定与Kratom相关的死亡事件。结果共报告2312例kratom暴露，其中935例涉及kratom作为唯一物质。Kratom最常引起激动（18.6%），心动过速（16.9%），嗜睡（13.6%），呕吐（11.2%）和混乱（8.1%）。还报告了癫痫发作（6.1%）、戒断（6.1%）、幻觉（4.8%）、呼吸抑制（2.8%）、昏迷（2.3%）和心脏或呼吸骤停（0.6%）的严重影响。Kratom被列为县法医办公室确定的四名死者死亡的原因或促成因素。结论Kratom的使用正在增加，并与显着的毒性相关。我们的研究结果表明，kratom并不合理地预期是安全的，并且由于其作为草药补充剂的可用性而构成公共健康威胁。
Background Kratom is an herbal supplement containing alkaloids with opioid properties. This review was conducted to determine toxicities associated with kratom use in the United States in order to provide insight into its safety as a dietary supplement. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of kratom exposures reported to the National Poison Data System to determine the toxicities associated with kratom use. We also reviewed records from a county medical examiner's office in New York State to identify kratom-associated fatalities. Results A total of 2312 kratom exposures were reported, with 935 cases involving kratom as the only substance. Kratom most commonly caused agitation (18.6%), tachycardia (16.9%), drowsiness (13.6%), vomiting (11.2%), and confusion (8.1%). Serious effects of seizure (6.1%), withdrawal (6.1%), hallucinations (4.8%), respiratory depression (2.8%), coma (2.3%), and cardiac or respiratory arrest (0.6%) were also reported. Kratom was listed as a cause or contributing factor in the death of four decedents identified by the county medical examiner's office. Conclusions Kratom use is increasing and is associated with significant toxicities. Our findings suggest kratom is not reasonably expected to be safe and poses a public health threat due to its availability as an herbal supplement.