Somatic stem cells express Piwi and Vasa genes in an adult ctenophore: Ancient association of "germline genes" with stemness
Somatic stem cells express Piwi and Vasa genes in an adult ctenophore: Ancient association of "germline genes" with stemness
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.10.019
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发表时间：
2011-02-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Manuel, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alie, Alexandre;Leclere, Lucas;Manuel, Michael
干细胞是动物发育和成体组织稳态所必需的，寻找干细胞的祖先基因指纹是进化发育生物学的一个重大挑战。最近的研究表明，一系列基因，包括转座子沉默子Piwi和翻译激活子Vasa，在经典的双侧模型中特异性地参与种系确定和维持（例如，脊椎动物、苍蝇、线虫）更普遍地在其他动物如扁形虫和水螅的成体多能干细胞中表达。由于这些多能干细胞的后代既包括体细胞衍生物，也包括生发衍生物，因此目前尚不清楚Vasa、Piwi和相关基因（如Bruno和PL10）是否与干性或生发潜能有祖先联系。我们已经调查了Vasa，两个Piwi的旁系同源物，布鲁诺和PL10在Pleurobrachia pileus，早期分歧门Ctenophora，刺胞动物的可能的姐妹群的成员的表达。这些基因都表达在男性和女性的生殖系，除了一个Piwi旁系同源物，他们表现出相似的表达模式，在体细胞领域（tenopharyngeal根，梳行，aboral感觉复合体）。细胞学观察和EdU DNA标记和长期保留实验揭示了与这些基因表达区域密切匹配的干细胞浓度。这些干细胞库在空间上受到限制，并且每个干细胞专门用于生产特定类型的体细胞。这些数据揭示了栉水母体内细胞更新的重要方面，并表明Piwi，Vasa，Bruno和PL10属于一个基因网络，其祖先在两种不同的背景下起作用：（i）种系和（ii）干细胞，无论其后代的性质如何。(C)2010年爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
Stem cells are essential for animal development and adult tissue homeostasis, and the quest for an ancestral gene fingerprint of sternness is a major challenge for evolutionary developmental biology. Recent studies have indicated that a series of genes, including the transposon silencer Piwi and the translational activator Vasa, specifically involved in germline determination and maintenance in classical bilaterian models (e.g., vertebrates, fly, nematode), are more generally expressed in adult multipotent stem cells in other animals like flatworms and hydras. Since the progeny of these multipotent stem cells includes both somatic and germinal derivatives, it remains unclear whether Vasa, Piwi, and associated genes like Bruno and PL10 were ancestrally linked to sternness, or to germinal potential. We have investigated the expression of Vasa, two Piwi paralogues, Bruno and PL10 in Pleurobrachia pileus, a member of the early-diverging phylum Ctenophora, the probable sister group of cnidarians. These genes were all expressed in the male and female germlines, and with the exception of one of the Piwi paralogues, they showed similar expression patterns within somatic territories (tentacle root, comb rows, aboral sensory complex). Cytological observations and EdU DNA-labelling and long-term retention experiments revealed concentrations of stem cells closely matching these gene expression areas. These stem cell pools are spatially restricted, and each specialised in the production of particular types of somatic cells. These data unveil important aspects of cell renewal within the ctenophore body and suggest that Piwi, Vasa, Bruno, and PL10 belong to a gene network ancestrally acting in two distinct contexts: (i) the germline and (ii) stem cells, whatever the nature of their progeny. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.