The molecular genetics of red and green color vision in mammals.
The molecular genetics of red and green color vision in mammals.
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哺乳动物红色和绿色视觉的分子遗传学。
DOI：
10.1093/genetics/153.2.919
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Radlwimmer,FB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yokoyama,S;Radlwimmer,FB
为了阐明哺乳动物红-绿色色觉的分子机制，我们克隆了猫（Felis卡图斯）、马（Equus caballus）、灰松鼠（Sciurus carolinensis）、白尾鹿（Odocoileus virginianus）和豚鼠（Cavia porcellus）的红色和绿色视蛋白cDNA并进行了序列测定。这些视蛋白在COS 1细胞中表达，并用11-顺式-视网膜重建。猫、马、松鼠、鹿和豚鼠的纯化视色素的λmax值分别为553、545、532、531和516 nm，精确到±1 nm以内。我们还再生了金鱼（Carassius auratus）的“真”红色素，其λmax值为559 ± 4 nm。多元线性回归分析表明，S180 A、H197 Y、Y277 F、T285 A和A308 S分别使哺乳动物红、绿色色素的λmax值向蓝方向移动7、28、7、15和16 nm，反向氨基酸向红方向移动的幅度相同。这些氨基酸变化的累加效应充分解释了许多哺乳动物物种、金鱼、美洲变色龙（Anolis carolinensis）和鸽子（Columba livia）的红绿色觉。
To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of red-green color vision in mammals, we have cloned and sequenced the red and green opsin cDNAs of cat (Felis catus), horse (Equus caballus), gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). These opsins were expressed in COS1 cells and reconstituted with 11-cis-retinal. The purified visual pigments of the cat, horse, squirrel, deer, and guinea pig have λmax values at 553, 545, 532, 531, and 516 nm, respectively, which are precise to within ±1 nm. We also regenerated the “true” red pigment of goldfish (Carassius auratus), which has a λmax value at 559 ± 4 nm. Multiple linear regression analyses show that S180A, H197Y, Y277F, T285A, and A308S shift the λmax values of the red and green pigments in mammals toward blue by 7, 28, 7, 15, and 16 nm, respectively, and the reverse amino acid changes toward red by the same extents. The additive effects of these amino acid changes fully explain the red-green color vision in a wide range of mammalian species, goldfish, American chameleon (Anolis carolinensis), and pigeon (Columba livia).