US trends in nutrient intake: the 1987 and 1992 National Health Interview Surveys.
US trends in nutrient intake: the 1987 and 1992 National Health Interview Surveys.
复制标题
美国营养摄入趋势：1987 年和 1992 年全国健康访谈调查。
DOI：
10.2105/ajph.87.5.740
复制
发表时间：
1997
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
Gladys Block
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jean C. Norris;Lisa J. Harnack;Suzan Carmichael;Thandi Pouane;Patsy Wakimoto;Gladys Block
目标
这项研究调查了美国营养素摄入的趋势，在两个时间段使用几乎相同的方法和营养素数据库。
方法
1987年和1992年全国健康访谈调查的补充资料中包括了一份广泛的饮食摄入量问卷。分析了这些年中每年约11，000人的饮食数据。
结果
白人和西班牙裔美国人的总脂肪和饱和脂肪摄入量以及来自脂肪的能量百分比下降，但在美国黑人中只看到最小的变化。脂肪摄入量的变化主要归因于消费含脂肪食物的频率和类型的行为变化，而不是瘦肉的可用性增加。膳食胆固醇是所检查的营养素中下降幅度最大的之一。也看到了不太理想的变化。谷物强化在观察到的几种微量营养素变化中发挥了重要作用。
结论
关于膳食脂肪和胆固醇的教育运动取得了一定的效果，但并非在所有种族/族裔群体中。今后的运动应强调维持或增加微量营养素的摄入。
OBJECTIVES
This study examined US trends in nutrient intake, using almost identical methods and nutrient databases in two time periods.
METHODS
An extensive dietary intake questionnaire was included in supplements to the 1987 and 1992 National Health Interview Surveys. Dietary data from approximately 11,000 persons in each of those years were analyzed.
RESULTS
The total and saturated fat intake and the percentage of energy from fat declined among Whites and Hispanics, but only minimal changes were seen in Black Americans. The changes in fat intake were attributable principally to behavioral changes in frequency and type of fat-containing foods consumed rather than to the increased availability of leaner cuts of meat. Dietary cholesterol showed one of the largest declines of the nutrients examined. Less desirable changes were also seen. Cereal fortification played an important role in the observed changes in several micronutrients.
CONCLUSIONS
Educational campaigns on dietary fat and cholesterol have been moderately effective, but not in all racial/ethnic groups. Future campaigns should emphasize maintaining or increasing micronutrient intake.