Ten Years Ago, the World Trade Organization Opened Its Doors to Russia
Ten Years Ago, the World Trade Organization Opened Its Doors to Russia
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十年前，世界贸易组织向俄罗斯敞开大门
DOI：
10.17323/1996-7845-2021-03-10
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Evgeniy Galchenko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Portanskiy;Evgeniy Galchenko
本文首先简要讨论了苏联/俄罗斯与关税及贸易总协定/世界贸易组织（GATT/WTO）和解的背景以及谈判过程中的一些尖锐问题。有人认为，俄罗斯联邦获得了可接受的、平衡的成员资格条件。在加入世贸组织的头几年里，在国民经济和对外竞技场方面都取得了好处。然而，10年后的情况表明，与最初的预测相比，成员资格的好处要低得多。造成这一差距的原因是俄罗斯的经济状况以及以原材料开采和出口为基础的持续经济模式的消失。俄罗斯经济需要真实的结构改革和现代化，这将改变出口结构，有利于制成品和现代服务。只有在这种情况下，加入世贸组织的好处才能显著增加，证明最初的预测是正确的。文章最后讨论了当前世界经济和贸易面临的挑战、WTO经历的危机以及俄罗斯联邦对WTO未来改革的积极立场。
This article begins with a brief discussion of the background of the USSR/Russia rapprochement with the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization (GATT/WTO) and some of the acute problems of the negotiation process. It is argued that the Russian Federation has received acceptable, balanced conditions of membership. The advantages gained during the first years of WTO membership are listed, both for the national economy and in the foreign arena. However, it is shown that, 10 years later, the benefits of membership are significantly lower in comparison with initial projections. This gap is attributed to the state of the Russian economy and the extinction of the continuing economic model based on the extraction and export of raw materials. The Russian economy needs real structural reforms and modernization, which would change the structure of exports in favour of finished products and modern services. Only in this case can the benefits of WTO membership increase significantly, justifying the original forecast. The article concludes with a discussion of current challenges in the world economy and trade, the crisis experienced by the WTO, and the active position of the Russian Federation on the future reform of the WTO.