The Larval Head Anatomy of Rhyacophila (Rhyacophilidae) with Discussion on Mouthpart Homology and the Groundplan of Trichoptera
The Larval Head Anatomy of Rhyacophila (Rhyacophilidae) with Discussion on Mouthpart Homology and the Groundplan of Trichoptera
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/jmor.20475
复制
发表时间：
2015-12-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Wilde, Fabian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Friedrich, Frank;Schulz, Johannes;Wilde, Fabian
本文详细地描述了条斑风虱Rhyacophila fasciata幼虫头部的外部和内部特征。解剖学检查进行了使用多方法的方法，包括组织学，扫描电子显微镜，共聚焦激光扫描显微镜，显微计算机断层扫描，和基于计算机的三维重建。此外，对文献中关于黄角灰腹蛛（灰腹蛛科）和狭翅水蛛（水蛛科）幼虫头部的信息进行了重新调查。这些解剖学数据被用来解决同源性和术语的主要问题，即，腹面封闭的头囊，骨片，唇和上颌骨及其肌肉的附属物。通过总结文献中的主要假设和对新发现的批判性纳入，对这些主题进行了讨论。因此，上颌骨的内叶很可能代表盔状骨。上颚远侧骨片（须片）是一个解剖学上的复合结构，至少包括骨片和骨片。基于这些同源性假设几个潜在的地面平面特征的毛翅目幼虫头重建。Rhyacophila的头部显示了几个可能的近形特征，例如口器的前颚方向，发育良好的下颅桥，三角形的颏下膜和由七个stemmata组成的眼睛。Rhyacophila的衍生特征是触角缩小，三个柄向前定向，幕柄肌向颏移位。(C)2015 Wiley Periodicals，Inc.
The external and internal features of the larval head of Rhyacophila fasciata (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) were described in detail. Anatomical examinations were carried out using a multimethod approach including histology, scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser-scanning microscopy, micro-computed tomography, and computer-based three-dimensional reconstructions. Additionally, the information on the larval head of Limnephilus flavicornis (Limnephilidae) and Hydropsyche angustipennis (Hydropsychidae) available in the literature were reinvestigated. These anatomical data were used to address major questions of homology and terminology, that is, the ventral closure of the head capsule, the sclerites, and appendages of labium and maxilla and their muscles. These topics were discussed by summarizing the main hypotheses present in the literature and a critical inclusion of new findings. Consequently, the inner lobe of the maxilla very likely represents the galea. The distal maxillary sclerite (palpifer) is an anatomical composite formation at least including dis-tistipes and lacinia. Based on these homology hypotheses several potential groundplan features of the larval head of Trichoptera were reconstructed. The head of Rhyacophila shows several presumably plesiomorphic features as for instance the prognath orientation of the mouthparts, the well-developed hypocranial bridge, the triangular submentum and eyes composed of seven stemmata. Derived features of Rhyacophila are the reduced antennae, the anterior directing of three stemmata and the shift of the tentorio-stipital muscle to the mentum. (C) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.