Speech perception deficits in poor readers: auditory processing or phonological coding?
Speech perception deficits in poor readers: auditory processing or phonological coding?
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DOI：
10.1006/jecp.1996.2343
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发表时间：
1997-02
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
M. Mody;M. Studdert-Kennedy;S. Brady
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Mody;M. Studdert-Kennedy;S. Brady
阅读能力差的读者在言语知觉方面不如阅读正常的同龄人。两个假说被提出来解释他们的缺陷：(I)语音表征的特定缺陷和(Ii)听觉“时间加工”的普遍缺陷，使得他们不能很容易地感知到在韵母音节开始时共振峰转换的快速光谱变化。为了验证这些假设，两组年龄和智力匹配的二年级儿童(20名“好读者”，20名“差读者”)被选中，他们在一个/ba/-/da/时序判断(TOJ)任务上存在显著差异，据说这项任务是对时间加工缺陷的诊断。三个实验结果表明：(I)当/ba/和/da/与更容易辨别的音节(/ba/-/sa/，/da/-/fa/)配对时，这两组人在TOJ上没有区别；(Ii)区分/ba/和/da/的第二和第三共振峰的非语音正弦波相似；(Iii)对沿合成语音连续体变化的简短过渡线索的敏感性。因此，较差的读者对/ba/-/da/的理解困难反映了对语音相似的音节之间的知觉混淆，而不是对快速光谱变化的感知困难。这一结果与特定于言语的缺陷一致，而不是一般的听觉缺陷。
Poor readers are inferior to normal-reading peers in aspects of speech perception. Two hypotheses have been proposed to account for their deficits: (i) a speech-specific failure in phonological representation and (ii) a general deficit in auditory "temporal processing," such that they cannot easily perceive the rapid spectral changes of formant transitions at the onset of stop-vowel syllables. To test these hypotheses, two groups of second-grade children (20 "good readers," 20 "poor readers"), matched for age and intelligence, were selected to differ significantly on a /ba/-/da/ temporal order judgment (TOJ) task, said to be diagnostic of a temporal processing deficit. Three experiments then showed that the groups did not differ in: (i) TOJ when /ba/ and /da/ were paired with more easily discriminated syllables (/ba/-/sa/, /da/-/fa/); (ii) discriminating nonspeech sine wave analogs of the second and third formants of /ba/ and /da/; (iii) sensitivity to brief transitional cues varying along a synthetic speech continuum. Thus, poor readers' difficulties with /ba/-/da/ reflected perceptual confusion between phonetically similar, though phonologically contrastive, syllables rather than difficulty in perceiving rapid spectral changes. The results are consistent with a speech-specific, not a general auditory, deficit.