Relexification in Canada: The Case of Métif (French-Cree)
Relexification in Canada: The Case of Métif (French-Cree)
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加拿大的再词法化：Métif（法语-克里语）案例
DOI：
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发表时间：
1989
影响因子：
0.5
通讯作者：
P. Bakker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Bakker
梅蒂夫语（英语：Métif）是一种在加拿大草原省份和与加拿大接壤的美国草原州使用的语言。大约有3000至5000人以梅蒂夫语为第一语言，其中大多数是老年人。他们大多居住在分散的梅蒂斯人定居点。梅蒂斯人是一个美洲印第安人和欧洲人混血的民族。从17世纪世纪开始，加拿大的毛皮商人和航海家从法属加拿大向西旅行。他们中的许多人娶了美洲印第安妇女，她们经常说克里语。1860年左右，梅蒂斯人是加拿大西部最大的人口群体，其中许多人会多种语言。从19世纪的头几十年开始，梅蒂斯人开始认为自己是一个独立的民族，既不是欧洲人，也不是美洲印第安人（见例如，Peterson and Brown 1985）。梅蒂斯人仍然是一个独特的民族。现在的梅蒂斯人经常说克里语、奥吉布瓦语、梅蒂夫语、法语和英语，或者这些语言的混合体。他们经常说这些语言的特定变体。梅蒂人说的法语不仅与其他北美法语方言明显不同，而且梅蒂夫语是梅蒂人唯一使用的语言。有关Métif和Métis语言的更多信息，请参阅Bakker（1989）中列出的出版物。
Métif is a language spoken in the Canadian prairie provinces and the American prairie states bordering Canada. There are probably between 3000 and 5000 people who speak Métif as their first language, most of them of advanced age. They are living mostly in scattered Métis settlements. The Métis are a nation of mixed Amerindian and European descent. From the 17th century on French Canadian fur traders and voyageurs travelled west-wards from French Canada. Many of them married Amerindian women, who were often Cree speaking. Around 1860 the Métis were the largest population group of the Canadian West, many of them multilinguals. From the first decades of the 19th century the Métis started to consider themselves as a separate ethnic group, neither European nor Amerindian (see e.g., Peterson and Brown 1985). The Métis are still a distinct people. The Métis nowadays often speak Cree, Ojibwa, Métif, French and English or a combination of these. They often speak particular varieties of these languages. Not only is the French spoken by the Métis markedly different from other North American French dialects the language called Métif is uniquely spoken among the Métis people. For more information on Métif and Métis languages, see the publications listed in Bakker (1989).