Measuring Political Positions from Legislative Speech
Measuring Political Positions from Legislative Speech
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DOI：
10.1093/pan/mpw017
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发表时间：
2016-06-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Herzog, Alexander
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lauderdale, Benjamin E.;Herzog, Alexander
现有的从文本数据中衡量政治分歧的方法表现不佳，除非应用于讨论相同问题并以相同风格写作的狭窄选择的文本。我们展示了第一种可行的方法，可以从立法机构的整个语音语料库中估计立法者的特定得分，同时还提供了关于语言极化和政治负载语言演变的广泛信息。在爱尔兰国会，我们表明，言语变异的主要维度是政府-反对派，部长们在这个维度上比后座议员更极端，第二个维度区分了建制派和反建制派反对党。在美国参议院，我们估计了一个维度，它与基于唱名投票和竞选捐款模式的规模具有适度的党内相关性；然而，我们观察到不同党派在演讲位置上的重叠比唱名位置更多，并且在重大政治事件的反应中，演讲中的党派极化变化更为明显。
Existing approaches to measuring political disagreement from text data perform poorly except when applied to narrowly selected texts discussing the same issues and written in the same style. We demonstrate the first viable approach for estimating legislator-specific scores from the entire speech corpus of a legislature, while also producing extensive information about the evolution of speech polarization and politically loaded language. In the Irish Dail, we show that the dominant dimension of speech variation is government-opposition, with ministers more extreme on this dimension than backbenchers, and a second dimension distinguishing between the establishment and anti-establishment opposition parties. In the U.S. Senate, we estimate a dimension that has moderate within-party correlations with scales based on roll-call votes and campaign donation patterns; however, we observe greater overlap across parties in speech positions than roll-call positions and partisan polarization in speeches varies more clearly in response to major political events.