Existence and Nature of Dark Matter in the Universe
Existence and Nature of Dark Matter in the Universe
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev.aa.25.090187.002233
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发表时间：
1987
影响因子：
33.3
通讯作者：
V. Trimble
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
V. Trimble
Ann。 ，加利福尼亚大学尔湾分校物理系92717 1。历史介绍和问题的范围是1844年对非浮肿物质的第一次检测发生，当时弗里德里希·威廉·贝塞尔（Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel与之相关。 Alvan G. Clark将他的新近地面的目标转向Sirius，朝Sirius朝着Sirius的目标转向，并解决了由White Dwarf Sirius B发出的系统中的10Q'研究的研究。 。在太阳附近的星星，得出结论，可见的恒星降低了30-50％的速度，其中的速度隐含了重力量。质量比发光的星系本身要多的质量要多于束缚。天文学家（以“ OORT限制”的名字征用），这可能是关于Oort和Zwicky个性的陈述，而不是其他任何内容。由NASA天体物理数据系统
Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 1987. 25: 425-72 Copyright © 1987 by Annual Reviews Inc. All rights reserved EXISTENCE AND NATURE OF DARK MATTER IN THE UNIVERSE Virginia T rimble Astronomy Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, and Department of Physics, University of California, Irvine, California 92717 1. HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION AND THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM The first detection of nonluminous matter from its gravitational effects occurred in 1844, when Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel announced that several decades of positional measurements of Sirius and Procyon implied that each was in orbit with an invisible companion of mass comparable to its own. The companions ceased to be invisible in 1862, when Alvan G. Clark turned his newly-ground 18%” objective toward Sirius and resolved the 10q‘ of the photons from the system emitted by the white dwarf Sirius B. Studies of astrometric and single-line spectroscopic binaries are the modern descendants of Bessel’s work. A couple of generations later, data implying nonluminous matter on two very different scales surfaced almost simultaneously. First, Oort (498, 499) analyzed numbers and velocities of stars near the Sun and concluded that visible stars fell shy by 30-50% of adding up to the amount of gravitating matter implied by the velocities. Then, in 1933, Zwicky (777) concluded that the velocity dispersions in rich clusters of galaxies required 10 to 100 times more mass to keep them bound than could be accounted for by the luminous galaxies themselves. The former result was taken much more seriously than the latter by contemporary and succeeding astronomers (being dignified by the name “the Oort limit”), which is perhaps more a statement about the personalities of Oort and Zwicky than about anything else. 425 0066-4146/87/0915—0425$02.00 © Annual Reviews Inc. - Provided by the NASA Astrophysics Data System