Humeral retractor EMG during quadrupedal walking in primates
Humeral retractor EMG during quadrupedal walking in primates
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DOI：
10.1242/jeb.002337
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发表时间：
2007-04-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Stern, Jack T., Jr.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Larson, Susan G.;Stern, Jack T., Jr.
哺乳动物的肱骨牵张肌背阔肌、大圆肌和胸肌尾部通常被认为在四足运动时通过将身体拉过支撑的前肢来促进向前冲动。虽然大多数关于这些肌肉补充模式的肌电图研究倾向于支持这种功能解释，但黑猩猩和长尾猴肌肉使用的数据表明，非人类灵长类动物的肱骨牵开器在四足运动的支撑阶段基本上是不活动的。在黑猩猩和长尾猴中，与其他哺乳动物相比，背阔肌、胸大肌尾端和大圆肌在四足运动中的作用仅限于减缓前肢的摆动，为手着地做准备和/或在摆动阶段开始时收缩肱骨以帮助手从基底上抬起。基于这些结果，有人提出肩部肌肉补充的独特模式是区分非人类灵长类动物与其他非灵长类哺乳动物四足行走形式的一系列特征之一。然而，两个灵长类类群是一个有限的样本，以此为基础得出如此深远的结论。在这里，我们报告了另外八种非人类灵长类动物在四足行走时肱骨牵开器的活动模式。在物种之间和物种内部，背阔肌、胸大肌尾侧和大圆肌的活动模式存在一些差异，但总的来说，结果证实，灵长类四足动物的肱骨牵开器不会通过将身体拉过支撑的前肢来促进向前的冲动。
The mammalian humeral retractors latissimus dorsi, teres major and caudal parts of the pectoral muscles are commonly thought to contribute to forward impulse during quadrupedal locomotion by pulling the body over the supporting forelimb. While most electromyographic studies on recruitment patterns for these muscles tend to support this functional interpretation, data on muscle use in chimpanzees and vervet monkeys have suggested that the humeral retractors of nonhuman primates are largely inactive during the support phase of quadrupedal locomotion. In the chimpanzee and vervet monkey, in contrast to what has been documented for other mammals, the contributions of latissimus dorsi, caudal pectoralis major, and teres major during quadrupedal locomotion are restricted to slowing down the swinging forelimb in preparation for hand touchdown and/or retracting the humerus to help lift the hand off the substrate at the initiation of swing phase. Based on these results, it has been proposed that unique patterns of shoulder muscle recruitment are among a set of characteristics that distinguish the form of quadrupedalism displayed by nonhuman primates from that of other nonprimate mammals. However, two primate taxa is a limited sample upon which to base such far-reaching conclusions. Here we report on the activity patterns for the humeral retractors during quadrupedal walking in an additional eight species of nonhuman primates. There is some variability in the activity patterns for latissimus dorsi, caudal pectoralis major and teres major, both between and within species, but in general the results confirm that the humeral retractors of primate quadrupeds do not contribute to forward impulse by pulling the body over the supporting forelimb.