History and Evidence-Based Medicine: Lessons from the History of Somatic Treatments from the 1900s to the 1950s
History and Evidence-Based Medicine: Lessons from the History of Somatic Treatments from the 1900s to the 1950s
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历史和循证医学：1900 年代至 50 年代躯体治疗历史的教训
DOI：
10.1023/a:1022325508430
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Braslow
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Braslow
本文回顾了生物治疗严重精神疾病的早期历史。着眼于1900年代至1950年代，我评估了躯体疗法的日常使用情况，以及证明这些疗法合理的科学依据。我的评估是基于州立医院的患者记录和同时代的科学文献。我分析了以下躯体干预措施：水疗、绝育、疟疾热治疗、休克治疗和脑叶切除术。虽然这些治疗方法是在随机对照试验方法之前引入的，但它们是基于合法的当代科学(其中两项是诺贝尔奖获得者的干预措施)。此外，使用这些干预措施的医生认为他们有效地治疗了他们的精神病人。这段历史表明，决定可接受的科学和临床实践的是什么，过去是，很可能将继续依赖于时间和地点。最后，我总结了这段历史如何揭示了当今的循证医学。
This paper examines the early history of biological treatments for severe mental illness. Focusing on the period of the 1900s to the 1950s, I assess the everyday use of somatic therapies and the science that justified these practices. My assessment is based upon patient records from state hospitals and the contemporaneous scientific literature. I analyze the following somatic interventions: hydrotherapy, sterilization, malaria fever therapy, shock therapies, and lobotomy. Though these treatments were introduced before the method of randomized controlled trials, they were based upon legitimate contemporary science (two were Nobel Prize-winning interventions). Furthermore, the physicians who used these interventions believed that they effectively treated their psychiatric patients. This history illustrates that what determines acceptable science and clinical practice was and, most likely will, continue to be dependent upon time and place. I conclude with how this history sheds light on present-day, evidence-based medicine.