Epigenetic modification of the Epstein-Barr virus BZLF1 promoter regulates viral reactivation from latency.

Epigenetic modification of the Epstein-Barr virus BZLF1 promoter regulates viral reactivation from latency.
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DOI:
10.3389/fgene.2013.00053
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发表时间:
2013
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Tsurumi T
Tsurumi T
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Murata T;Tsurumi T

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EB病毒(EBV)是一种致癌的人γ-疱疹病毒,主要在B淋巴细胞中建立潜伏感染。病毒基因组作为具有核小体结构的染色体外附加体存在。病毒潜伏期的维持或再激活的执行由BZLF 1的表达控制,BZLF 1是一种病毒立即早期基因产物,在转录水平上受到严格控制。在这篇文章中,我们综述了BZLF 1转录是如何控制的,换句话说,病毒的再活化是如何调节的,特别是在表观遗传学方面。我们最近发现,组蛋白H3赖氨酸27三甲基化(H3 K27 me 3)和H4 K20 me 3标记物对抑制潜伏Raji细胞中的BZLF 1至关重要。此外,H3 K9 me 2/3、异染色质蛋白1和H2 A泛素化与潜伏期相关,而阳性标志物,如更高的组蛋白乙酰化和H3 K4 me 3,则与再激活相关。由于裂解性复制最终导致细胞周期停滞和细胞死亡,因此可以使用表观遗传破坏物开发用于EBV阳性癌症的溶瘤疗法。此外,我们注意到在EBV中分析表观遗传学作用的困难,包括细胞类型依赖性和病毒拷贝数等问题。
The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is an oncogenic human gamma-herpesvirus that predominantly establishes latent infection in B lymphocytes. Viral genomes exist as extrachromosomal episomes with a nucleosomal structure. Maintenance of virus latency or execution of reactivation is controlled by the expression of BZLF1, a viral immediate-early gene product, tightly controlled at the transcriptional level. In this article, we review how BZLF1 transcription is controlled, in other words how virus reactivation is regulated, especially in terms of epigenetics. We recently found that histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and H4K20me3 markers are crucial for suppression of BZLF1 in latent Raji cells. In addition, H3K9me2/3, heterochromatin protein 1, and H2A ubiquitination are associated with latency, whereas positive markers, such as higher histone acetylation and H3K4me3, are concomitant with reactivation. Since lytic replication eventually causes cell cycle arrest and cell death, development of oncolytic therapy for EBV-positive cancers is conceivable using epigenetic disruptors. In addition, we note the difficulties in analyzing roles of epigenetics in EBV, including issues like cell type dependence and virus copy numbers.
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