"If I had said it I would have remembered it": Reducing false memories with a distinctiveness heuristic
"If I had said it I would have remembered it": Reducing false memories with a distinctiveness heuristic
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03196152
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发表时间：
2001-03-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Schacter, DL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dodson, CS;Schacter, DL
我们研究了决策过程对拒绝错误记忆的贡献。在两个实验中，人们研究了语义相关的单词列表，然后完成了一个识别测试，其中包括学习的单词，不相关的诱惑词和相关的诱惑词。在研究中大声说出单词的人比在研究中听到单词的人更不容易在测试中错误地识别相关的诱惑。我们认为，在研究中说单词的人在测试中采用了独特性启发式，他们要求获得独特的说信息，以判断一个项目是旧的。即使在实验2中，当被试在学习中既说又听的时候，人们也会坚持使用独特性启发法来减少错误记忆，即使在实验2中，提取所说的信息并不能完全诊断先前的学习。
We examined the contributions of decision processes to the rejection of false memories. In two experiments, people studied lists of semantically related words and then completed a recognition test containing studied words, unrelated lure words, and related lure words. People who said words aloud at study were less likely to falsely recognize related lures on the test than were those who heard words at study. We suggest that people who said words at study employed a distinctiveness heuristic during the test whereby they demanded access to distinctive say information in order to judge an item as old. Even when retrieving say information is not perfectly diagnostic of prior study, as in Experiment 2, in which participants both said and heard words at study, people persist in using the distinctiveness heuristic to reduce false memories.