Soil Microbial Communities and Function in Alternative Systems to Continuous Cotton
Soil Microbial Communities and Function in Alternative Systems to Continuous Cotton
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DOI：
10.2136/sssaj2008.0065
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发表时间：
2010-07-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Allen, V. G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Acosta-Martinez, V.;Burow, G.;Allen, V. G.
自 20 世纪 40 年代以来，常规耕作下的棉花（Gossypium hirsutum L.）单一栽培一直是美国南部高平原地区的主要种植制度。本研究评估了与连续种植棉 (Ct-Ct) 相比，其他耕作系统和土地利用在提高土壤质量和增强土壤功能方面的潜力，其中包括保护储备计划 (CRP) 中的混合草、单一牧场牧场 [Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz) ST. Blake]和棉花-冬小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）玉米（Zea mays L.）轮作（Ct-W-Cr）。根据微生物生物量 C (MBC) 和 N (MBN)、脂肪酸甲酯 (FAME) 分析和分子克隆技术评估土壤微生物群落。替代系统下的土壤 MBC 较高，分别为 0 至 5 厘米（CRP > 牧场 = Ct-W-Cr > Ct-Ct）、5 至 10 厘米（CRP = Ct-W-Cr > 牧场 > Ct-Ct）和 10 至 20 厘米（CRP = 牧场 = Ct-W-Cr > Ct-Ct）。土壤 DNA 浓度与关键土壤质量参数相关，如微生物生物量 (r > 0.52，P < 0.05)、总碳 (r = 0.372，P < 0.1) 和总氮 (r = 0.449，P < 0.05)。未受干扰系统（CRP 和牧草）的 16S rRNA 基因带型（0-5 cm）彼此比 Ct-Ct 和 Ct-W-Cr 更相似。在 0 至 5 厘米和 5 至 10 厘米处，CRP 和牧场下的真菌/细菌 FAME 比率高于 Ct-Ct 下的真菌/细菌 FAME 比率。这项研究发现，与单一种植棉花相比，替代管理下敏感的土壤质量参数有所增加。
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) monoculture under conventional tillage has been the predominant cropping system in the Southern High Plains region of the United States since the 1940s. This study evaluated other cropping systems and land uses for their potential to increase soil quality and enhance soil functioning compared with continuous cotton (Ct-Ct), including a mixture of grasses in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), a pasture monoculture [Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz) ST. Blake] and a cotton-winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) corn (Zea mays L.) rotation (Ct-W-Cr). Soil microbial communities were evaluated according to microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN), fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiling, and molecular cloning techniques. Soil MBC was higher under the alternative systems at 0 to 5 cm (CRP > pasture = Ct-W-Cr > Ct-Ct), 5 to 10 cm (CRP = Ct-W-Cr > pasture > Ct-Ct), and 10 to 20 cm (CRP = pasture = Ct-W-Cr > Ct-Ct). Soil DNA concentration was correlated with key soil quality parameters such as microbial biomass (r > 0.52, P < 0.05), total C (r = 0.372, P < 0.1), and total N (r = 0.449, P < 0.05). The 16S rRNA gene banding patterns (0-5 cm) of undisturbed systems (CRP and pasture) were more similar to each other than to Ct-Ct and Ct-W-Cr. Fungal/bacterial FAME ratios were higher under CRP and pasture than under Ct-Ct at 0 to 5 and 5 to 10 cm. This study found increases in sensitive soil quality parameters under alternative management compared with cotton monoculture.