The fifth dimension of innate immunity
The fifth dimension of innate immunity
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DOI：
10.1007/s12079-014-0246-6
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发表时间：
2014-12-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Wetzker, R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schmidt, C.;Schneble, N.;Wetzker, R.
先天免疫已经进化成为抵抗入侵病原体的第一道防线。先天免疫系统的细胞和体液成分检测感染性寄生虫，启动炎症抵抗反应，并最终有助于消除入侵者。病原体的反复攻击诱导先天免疫系统的适应性反应。通常，病原体的重新应用会引起受影响生物体的耐受性。然而，也观察到原发性感染对随后的先天免疫应答的刺激作用。本概述触及先天免疫反应中被低估的方面：其对病原体负荷的明显依赖性。除了先天免疫应答的定位和时机之外，病原体剂量依赖性可被认为是先天免疫的“第五维”。实验结果和文献数据提出了一种激素反应模式的先天免疫细胞取决于剂量的病原体。
Innate immunity has evolved as a first line defense against invading pathogens. Cellular and humoral elements of the innate immune system detect infectious parasites, initiate inflammatory resistance reactions and finally contribute to the elimination of the invaders. Repeated attacks by pathogenic agents induce adaptive responses of the innate immune system. Typically, reapplication of pathogens provokes tolerance of the affected organism. However, also stimulatory effects of primary infections on subsequent innate immune responses have been observed. The present overview touches an undervalued aspect in the innate immune response: Its pronounced dependency on pathogen load. In addition to localization and timing of innate immune responses the pathogen dose dependency might be considered as a "fifth dimension of innate immunity". Experimental results and literature data are presented proposing a hormetic reaction pattern of innate immune cells depending on the dose of pathogens.