Transport and Fate of Virus-Laden Particles in a Supermarket: Recommendations for Risk Reduction of COVID-19 Spreading
Transport and Fate of Virus-Laden Particles in a Supermarket: Recommendations for Risk Reduction of COVID-19 Spreading
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DOI：
10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0001870
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发表时间：
2021-04-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Boufadel, Michel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cui, Fangda;Geng, Xiaolong;Boufadel, Michel
在面积为 1,200 m(2)、天花板高度为 4.5 m 的典型超市配置中，对载有病毒的颗粒的运输进行了数值研究。使用拉格朗日粒子跟踪代码与计算流体动力学 (CFD) 模型 Ansys Fluent 相结合来跟踪粒子。假设空气传播是由于室内通风而发生的。使用雷诺平均纳维斯托克斯 (RANS) 方法模拟流动动力学。研究了超市表面上 5 微米和 20 微米颗粒的运动和扩散，附着效率分别为 0%、25% 和 100%。我们发现室内气流可以显着增强颗粒物的输送（例如，5μm>15m，20μm>5m）；因此，卫生专家建议的 6 英尺（2.0 m）社交距离不足以防止严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 的传播。我们发现，表面上的附着显着减少了超市内颗粒的运输，并且 25% 的附着效率导致的运输与 100% 效率产生的运输相似。这表明表面类型对于颗粒的空气传输并不重要。我们支持通过在过道内采用单向移动来减少人与人之间接触的现有方法。然而，我们还建议在过道内交错放置展示架，形成挡板，既可以增加表面积，又可以阻止空气中颗粒的传输。我们发现，携带病毒的颗粒可以通过回风口被吸入通风系统，并可能对连接到同一通风系统的建筑物造成潜在的感染风险。因此，建议使用高效颗粒空气 (HEPA) 过滤器和最低效率报告值 (MERV) 大于 12 的褶式过滤器。 (C) 2021 年美国土木工程师学会。
The transport of virus-laden particles was investigated numerically in an archetypical supermarket configuration of area 1,200 m(2) and ceiling height of 4.5 m. The particles were tracked using a Lagrangian particle tracking code coupled with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model Ansys Fluent. Air transport was assumed to occur due to indoor ventilation. Flow dynamics were simulated using the Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) approach. The movement and spreading of 5- and 20-mu m particles were studied with 0%, 25%, and 100% attachment efficiencies on surfaces in the supermarket. We found that the indoor airflows can significantly enhance the transport of particles (e.g., >15 m for 5 mu m, and >5 m for 20 mu m); therefore, the 6-ft (2.0 m) social distance recommended by health experts would not be sufficient to prevent the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We found that the attachment on surfaces reduces the transport of particles significantly within the supermarket, and that an attachment efficiency of 25% results in transport similar to that resulting from 100% efficiency. This suggests that the type of surfaces is not crucial in terms of air transport of particles. We support the existing approaches for reducing exposure between people through the adoption of one-way movement within an aisle. However, we also propose placing display shelves within the aisles in a staggered way to form baffles that would both increase the surface area and block the transport of airborne particles. We found that virus-laden particles could be sucked into the ventilation system through return vents, and could pose potential infection risks for the buildings connected to the same ventilation system. Hence, high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters and pleated filters with a minimum efficiency reporting value (MERV) greater than 12 are recommended. (C) 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.