Insights into digestion and absorption of major nutrients in humans
Insights into digestion and absorption of major nutrients in humans
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DOI：
10.1152/advan.00094.2009
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发表时间：
2010-06-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Goodman, Barbara E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goodman, Barbara E.
古德曼就是。对人体内主要营养物质的消化和吸收的洞察。ADV Physiol Educ 34：44-53,2010年；DOI：10.1152/Advan.00094.2009。-营养消化和吸收是生物生存所必需的，并已演变为胃肠道(GI)系统的复杂和特定任务。虽然大多数人只是简单地认为他们的胃肠道将正常工作，以利用营养物质，提供能量，并释放废物，但很少有非科学家知道各种营养物质是如何被消化的，以及分解产物如何穿过小肠衬里的细胞到达血流，并被身体的其他细胞利用。最近发现了几种新的转运蛋白，可能有助于寡肽和脂肪酸的吸收。此外，关于转运蛋白如何工作以及营养物质可以以何种形式被吸收的细节正在得到澄清。消化基本碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪的酶已经在胃肠道的不同部分被识别出来，关于它们水解哪些类型的键的细节正在变得更加清楚。通常，在生物化学课程中介绍和学习有关基本营养物质消化的详细信息，而在生理学课程中研究通过跨上皮运输消化分解产物的详细信息。这篇最新文章的目的是将消化的生化细节与有关营养吸收的生理学的最新信息结合在一起，为生理学教师提供一个来源。其中包括对一些疾病和条件的见解，这些疾病和条件可能会导致胃肠道对食物的吸收不良及其后果。
Goodman BE. Insights into digestion and absorption of major nutrients in humans. Adv Physiol Educ 34:44-53, 2010; doi: 10.1152/advan.00094.2009.-Nutrient digestion and absorption is necessary for the survival of living organisms and has evolved into the complex and specific task of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. While most people simply assume that their GI tract will work properly to use nutrients, provide energy, and release wastes, few nonscientists know the details about how various nutrients are digested and how the breakdown products traverse the cells lining the small intestine to reach the blood stream and to be used by the other cells of the body. There have been several recent discoveries of new transporters that likely contribute to the absorption of oligopeptides and fatty acids. In addition, details are being clarified about how transporters work and in what forms nutrients can be absorbed. The enzymes that digest basic carbohydrates, proteins, and fats have been identified in various segments of the GI tract, and details are becoming clearer about what types of bonds they hydrolyze. Usually, detailed information about the digestion of basic nutrients is presented and learned in biochemistry courses and detailed information about absorption via transepithelial transport of the breakdown products of digestion is studied in physiology courses. The goal of this Staying Current article is to combine the details of the biochemistry of digestion with the updated information about the physiology of nutrient absorption into one source for teachers of physiology. Insights are included about some of the diseases and conditions that can bring about malabsorption of food in the GI tract and their consequences.