Scientists' collaboration strategies: implications for scientific and technical human capital
Scientists' collaboration strategies: implications for scientific and technical human capital
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DOI：
10.1016/j.respol.2004.01.008
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发表时间：
2004-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Corley, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bozeman, B;Corley, E
“科学技术人力资本”（S&T人力资本）被定义为研究人员的专业网络联系及其技术技能和资源的总和[Int. J.技术。管理。 22（7-8）（2001）636]。我们的研究重点关注科学家获取和部署科技人力资本的一种特殊方式，即研究合作。我们检查了美国学术研究中心 451 名科学家和工程师的数据。主要焦点是科学家的合作选择和策略。由于我们对科技人力资本特别感兴趣，因此我们特别关注涉及指导研究生和初级教师以及与女性合作的策略。我们还研究了合作“世界主义”，即科学家与周围的人（一个人的研究小组、一个大学）合作的程度，而不是与地理或机构环境中距离较远的人（其他大学、工业研究人员、其他国家的研究人员）合作的程度。我们的研究结果表明，那些奉行“导师”合作策略的人很可能获得终身职位；与女性合作；对工业和工业应用研究有良好的看法。就报告的合作者数量而言，拥有更多资助的人拥有更多的合作者。就女性合作者的比例而言，我们毫不奇怪地发现，女性科学家的女性合作者比例（36%）略高于男性（24%）。然而，根据排名来看，存在很大差异，非终身教职女性与女性的合作占 84%。关于合作世界主义，我们发现大多数研究人员在选择合作者时并不是特别国际化——他们倾向于与自己工作组的人一起工作。更多的国际化合作者往往拥有大量资助。一个主要的政策含义是，合作似乎增强或产生科技人力资本的程度存在很大差异。并非所有合作在其“公共利益”影响方面都是平等的。 (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
"Scientific and technical human capital" (S&T human capital) has been defined as the sum of researchers' professional network ties and their technical skills and resources [Int. J. Technol. Manage. 22 (7-8) (2001) 636]. Our study focuses on one particular means by which scientists acquire and deploy S&T human capital, research collaboration. We examine data from 451 scientists and engineers at academic research centers in the United States. The chief focus is on scientists' collaboration choices and strategies. Since we are particularly interested in S&T human capital, we pay special attention to strategies that involve mentoring graduate students and junior faculty and to collaborating with women. We also examine collaboration "cosmopolitanism," the extent to which scientists collaborate with those around them (one's research group, one's university) as opposed to those more distant in geography or institutional setting (other universities, researchers in industry, researchers in other nations). Our findings indicate that those who pursue a "mentor" collaboration strategy are likely to be tenured; to collaborate with women; and to have a favorable view about industry and research on industrial applications. Regarding the number of reported collaborators, those who have larger grants have more collaborators. With respect to the percentage of female collaborators, we found, not surprisingly, that female scientists have a somewhat higher percentage (36%) of female collaborators, than males have (24%). There are great differences, however, according to rank, with non-tenure track females having 84% of their collaborations with females. Regarding collaboration cosmopolitanism, we find that most researchers are not particularly cosmopolitan in their selection of collaborators-they tend to work with the people in their own work group. More cosmopolitan collaborators tend have large grants. A major policy implication is that there is great variance in the extent to which collaborations seem to enhance or generate S&T human capital. Not all collaborations are equal with respect to their "public goods" implications. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.