MEDITERRANEAN DIET PYRAMID - A CULTURAL MODEL FOR HEALTHY EATING
MEDITERRANEAN DIET PYRAMID - A CULTURAL MODEL FOR HEALTHY EATING
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DOI：
10.1093/ajcn/61.6.1402s
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发表时间：
1995-06-01
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
TRICHOPOULOS, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
WILLETT, WC;SACKS, F;TRICHOPOULOS, D
我们提出了一个反映地中海饮食传统的食物金字塔，这些传统在历史上一直与健康联系在一起。这个地中海饮食金字塔基于 20 世纪 60 年代初克里特岛、希腊其他大部分地区和意大利南部的典型食物模式，那里的成年人预期寿命是世界上最高的，而冠心病、某些癌症和其他与饮食相关的慢性疾病的发病率是最低的。在田间或厨房工作导致了一种包括定期体育活动的生活方式，并且与低肥胖率相关。饮食的特点是丰富的植物性食物（水果、蔬菜、面包、其他形式的谷物、土豆、豆类、坚果和种子），新鲜水果作为典型的日常甜点，橄榄油作为脂肪的主要来源，乳制品（主要是奶酪和酸奶）以及少量至适量的鱼类和家禽消费，每周消费零至四个鸡蛋，少量红肉消费和葡萄酒 少量至适量食用，通常与膳食一起食用。这种饮食的饱和脂肪含量较低（低于或等于能量的 7-8%），整个地区的总脂肪含量为能量的 35%。金字塔描述了一种因其著名的适口性和健康益处而具有吸引力的饮食模式。
We present a food pyramid that reflects Mediterranean dietary traditions, which historically have been associated with good health. This Mediterranean diet pyramid is based on food patterns typical of Crete, much of the rest of Greece, and southern Italy in the early 1960s, where adult life expectancy was among the highest in the world and rates of coronary heart disease, certain cancers, and other diet-related chronic diseases were among the lowest. Work in the field or kitchen resulted in a lifestyle that included regular physical activity and was associated with low rates of obesity. The diet is characterized by abundant plant foods (fruit, vegetables, breads, other forms of cereals, potatoes, beans, nuts, and seeds), fresh fruit as the typical daily dessert, olive oil as the principal source of fat, dairy products (principally cheese and yogurt), and fish and poultry consumed in low to moderate amounts, zero to four eggs consumed weekly, red meat consumed in low amounts, and wine consumed in low to moderate amounts, normally with meals. This diet is low in saturated fat (less than or equal to 7-8% of energy), with total fat ranging from 35% of energy throughout the region. The pyramid describes a dietary pattern that is attractive for its famous palatability as well as for its health benefits.