Soil chemical analysis applied as an interpretive tool for ancient human activities in Piedras Negras, Guatemala
Soil chemical analysis applied as an interpretive tool for ancient human activities in Piedras Negras, Guatemala
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DOI：
10.1006/jasc.2002.0735
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发表时间：
2002-04-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Nelson, Z
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Parnell, JJ;Terry, RE;Nelson, Z
研究了土壤化学分析对玛雅地区古代人类活动区域解释的适用性，以研究人类学改良土壤的潜在影响。我们研究了危地马拉Piedras Negras水平挖掘遗址的化学特征。本研究的重点是土壤磷酸盐和微量金属作为古代活动的指标。我们比较了总磷酸盐和Mehlich可提取磷酸盐哪种方法更优。我们还比较了总消解法（硝酸-高氯酸）和DTPA萃取法测定重金属的方法，以确定哪种方法最准确地指示古代活动区域。我们使用主成分分析来比较金属，并给出古代活动的可能位置。对化学图案的统计分析显示了可能的食物制备和工艺生产区域以及清扫图案。我们发现磷酸盐、钡和锰含量升高表明有有机垃圾处理区域。汞和铅的浓度表明工艺品生产的区域。将这些观测结果与人工数据进行比较。我们还能够通过化学分析确定与类似活动相关的区域。总元素分析和可提取元素分析的比较表明，这两种方法都能产生有关活动区域的重要信息。然而，由于所获得的分辨率，方便，经济和安全，我们建议采用可提取的DTPA和Mehlich方法。
The applicability of soil chemical analysis to the interpretation of ancient human activity areas in the Maya region was studied for potential implications in anthropologically modified soils. We studied chemical signatures associated with a horizontally excavated site in Piedras Negras, Guatemala. The focus of this study is on soil phosphate and trace metals as indicators of ancient activity. We compared total phosphate with Mehlich extractable phosphate to see which method was superior. We also compared total (nitric-perchloric) digestion with the DTPA extraction procedure of heavy metal determination to resolve which method most accurately indicates ancient activity areas. We used principal component analysis to compare the metals and give probable locations of ancient activities. Statistical analysis of chemical patterns indicated possible areas of food preparation and craft production as well as sweeping patterns. We found that elevated phosphate, barium and manganese levels indicate areas of organic refuse disposal. mercury and lead concentrations indicate areas of craft production. These observations are compared with the artifact data. We were also able to determine areas associated with similar activities using chemical analysis. The comparison of the total and extractable element analysis demonstrated that both methods yield important information regarding activity areas. However, because of the resolution obtained, convenience, economy, and safety, we suggest the extractable DTPA and Mehlich methods.