Flux of aquatic insect productivity to land: comparison of lentic and lotic ecosystems
Flux of aquatic insect productivity to land: comparison of lentic and lotic ecosystems
复制标题
DOI：
10.1890/08-1546.1
复制
发表时间：
2009-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Vander Zanden, M. Jake
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gratton, Claudio;Vander Zanden, M. Jake
最近，食物网研究开始探索来自一个栖息地或生态系统的资源如何影响接受者生态系统中的营养相互作用。湖泊和溪流中的底栖生物产量可以通过新出现的水生昆虫出口到陆地栖息地，因此可以将水生和陆地生态系统联系起来。在这项研究中，我们开发了一个通用的概念模型，强调底栖动物生产、昆虫出现和生态系统几何（主要由面积边缘比驱动）是调节水生生产跨生态系统边界通量的重要因素。新出现的昆虫通量，定义为每米海岸线新出现的昆虫总数（g C.m(-1)）。yr(-1))然后利用衰变函数在内陆分布，并用于估计昆虫向陆地生境的沉积速率(g C.m（-2).yr(-1)）。利用文献中的经验数据，我们模拟了跨水陆生态系统边界的昆虫通量，以估计内陆湖泊和河流的通量分布和昆虫沉积。一般来说，溪流中的底栖动物比湖泊中的更多产（6.67比1.46 g C.m(-2)）。Yr(-1))，但昆虫出苗率与水产产量之比较低（0.19比0.30）。然而，由于河流宽度平均小于湖泊半径，这导致通量(F)估计湖泊比溪流大2.5倍。最终，昆虫沉积在平均大小湖泊（10公顷湖泊，0.021克厘米（-2））附近的陆地上（离海岸100米以内）。yr(-1))大于平均大小的溪流（4m宽度，0.002 g C.m(-2)）。在我们的比较中使用Yr （-1）对于平均湖泊（包括大小和生产力），昆虫沉积率接近低生产力生态系统（如沙漠和冻土带）陆地次生产量的估计，约为0.07 g C.m(-2).yr（-1）。然而，较大的湖泊（1300公顷）和溪流（16米）的平均昆虫沉积率（约为0.01-2.4克厘米（-2））。Yr(-1))与草地等生产力更高的生态系统的次生产量估计值相当。由于新出现的水生昆虫可能大量输入陆地生境，生态系统过程和陆地消费者可能受到昆虫输入的影响。湖泊和溪流对这一通量的相对贡献因景观的不同而异，这取决于景观上这些生态系统类型的数量和大小。
Recently, food web studies have started exploring how resources from one habitat or ecosystem influence trophic interactions in a recipient ecosystem. Benthic production in lakes and streams can be exported to terrestrial habitats via emerging aquatic insects and can therefore link aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, we develop a general conceptual model that highlights zoobenthic production, insect emergence, and ecosystem geometry (driven principally by area-to-edge ratio) as important factors modulating the flux of aquatic production across the ecosystem boundary. Emerging insect flux, defined as total insect production emerging per meter of shoreline (g C.m(-1).yr(-1)) is then distributed inland using decay functions and is used to estimate insect deposition rate to terrestrial habitats (g C.m(-2).yr(-1)).Using empirical data from the literature, we simulate insect fluxes across the water-land ecosystem boundary to estimate the distribution of fluxes and insect deposition inland for lakes and streams. In general, zoobenthos in streams are more productive than in lakes (6.67 vs. 1.46 g C.m(-2).yr(-1)) but have lower insect emergence to aquatic production ratios (0.19 vs. 0.30). However, as stream width is on average smaller than lake radius, this results in flux (F) estimates 21/2 times greater for lakes than for streams. Ultimately, insect deposition onto land (within 100 m of shore) adjacent to average-sized lakes (10-ha lakes, 0.021 g C.m(-2).yr(-1)) is greater than for average-sized streams (4m width, 0.002 g C.m(-2).yr(-1)) used in our comparisons. For the average lake (both in size and productivity), insect deposition rate approaches estimates of terrestrial secondary production in low-productivity ecosystems (e. g., deserts and tundra, approximate to 0.07 g C.m(-2).yr(-1)). However, larger lakes (1300 ha) and streams (16 m) can have average insect deposition rates (approximate to 0.01-2.4 g C.m(-2).yr(-1)) comparable to estimates of secondary production of more productive ecosystems such as grasslands. Because of the potentially large inputs of emerging aquatic insects into terrestrial habitats, ecosystem processes and terrestrial consumers can be influenced by insect inputs. The relative contribution of lakes and streams to this flux will vary among landscapes depending on the number and size of these ecosystems types on the landscape.