Taste and smell losses in normal aging and disease.
Taste and smell losses in normal aging and disease.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1001/jama.1997.03550160077042
复制
发表时间：
1997-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Schiffman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Schiffman
目的回顾有关老年人味觉和嗅觉功能改变的科学文献，包括原因、诊断、预后和治疗。从1966年到1997年6月通过MEDLINE搜索获得的原始报告和评论，使用MeSH标题为“味道”、“味蕾”、“味觉障碍”、“味觉阈值”、“气味”、“气味”、“老化”和“老化”。参考文献列表中经常引用的文章也包括在内。研究选择对所有的文章进行回顾、制表和总结。数据提取的标准包括数据的质量和有效性、数据的统计处理、发表的地点以及与临床护理的相关性。结论味觉和嗅觉丧失在老年人中很常见，是正常衰老、某些疾病状态（尤其是阿尔茨海默病）、药物、手术干预和环境暴露所致。这些化学感官的缺陷不仅会减少食物带来的愉悦和舒适，而且还会导致营养和免疫缺陷，以及对特定饮食方案的坚持。化学感觉减退可导致食物中毒或过度暴露于对环境有害的化学物质，否则味觉和嗅觉可检测到这些化学物质。使用风味增强食品可以增加食物的享受，并对食物摄入和免疫状态产生积极影响。
OBJECTIVE To review the scientific literature on the alterations in the senses of taste and smell in the elderly, including causes, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. DATA SOURCES Original reports and reviews obtained through MEDLINE searches from 1966 through June 1997 using the MeSH headings of "taste," "taste buds," "taste disorders," "taste thresholds," "smell," "odors," "aged," and "aging." Articles frequently cited in reference lists were also included. STUDY SELECTION All articles were reviewed, tabulated, and summarized. DATA EXTRACTION Criteria for extraction included data quality and validity, statistical treatment of the data, venue of publication, and relevance to clinical care. CONCLUSION Losses of taste and smell are common in the elderly and result from normal aging, certain disease states (especially Alzheimer disease), medications, surgical interventions, and environmental exposure. Deficits in these chemical senses cannot only reduce the pleasure and comfort from food, but represent risk factors for nutritional and immune deficiencies as well as adherence to specific dietary regimens. Chemosensory decrements can lead to food poisoning or overexposure to environmentally hazardous chemicals that are otherwise detectable by taste and smell. Use of flavor-enhanced food can increase enjoyment of food and have a positive effect on food intake and immune status.