Gender Differentiation in Paid and Unpaid Work during the Transition to Parenthood
Gender Differentiation in Paid and Unpaid Work during the Transition to Parenthood
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DOI：
10.1111/soc4.12263
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发表时间：
2015-05-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Barnes, Medora W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barnes, Medora W.
向为人父母的转变可能特别困难，因为关系需要在很大程度上进行重组，以应对苛刻的新挑战。对于对性别不平等感兴趣的学者来说，为人父母的过渡是一个关键时期，在这个时期，经济和文化力量都会产生性别差异。尽管没有孩子的新婚夫妇倾向于平等地分担有偿和无偿劳动，但当男性和女性成为父母后，他们的模式变得越来越按性别区分。强调母亲为第一父母，父亲为第二母亲的文化观念强化了家务和育儿方面的不平等模式。时间可获得性模型、讨价还价视角和性别理论都被用来解释这些模式。一些可能有助于缓解向为人父母过渡的变化包括扩大美国育儿假政策，改善可用的儿童保育，增加灵活的工作政策，以及提供更多以夫妇为重点的干预计划。虽然关于这个话题已经有了很多的了解，但还需要更多的研究来让文献反映新一代全球化和多样化的父母。
The transition to parenthood may be especially difficult because relationships need to be largely reorganized to meet demanding new challenges. For scholars interested in gender inequality, the transition to parenthood is a critical time in which gender differentiation is generated by both economic and cultural forces. Although newly married childless couples tend to share both paid and unpaid labor rather equally, when men and women become parents, their patterns become increasingly differentiated by gender. Cultural beliefs that emphasize mothers as the primary parent and fathers as secondary reinforce unequal patterns in housework and childcare. Time availability models, bargaining perspectives, and gender theories all have been used to explain these patterns. Some changes that could help ease the transition to parenthood include expanding US parental leave policies, improving available childcare, adding flexible work policies, and offering more couples-focused intervention programs. Although much is known about the topic, more research is needed for the literature to reflect the new generation of global and diverse parents.