Climate modification and climate change debates among Soviet physical geographers, 1940s-1960s
Climate modification and climate change debates among Soviet physical geographers, 1940s-1960s
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1940-1960 年代苏联自然地理学家关于气候改变和气候变化的争论
DOI：
10.1002/wcc.242
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Oldfield J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Oldfield J
这篇评论深入了解了第二次世界大战后十年间苏联自然地理学家在气候方面的工作的一些主要主题。 1945年后，国家和科学院对地理学施加了压力，以确保其活动对社会主义经济的发展具有实际作用，这在与气候和气候变化相关的工作中尤其明显。审查分为四个主要部分。首先，它提供了对 20 世纪 40 年代末和 1950 年代自然地理学家在气候和相关现象方面所开展的工作范围的了解。其次，它重点关注地理学家和气候学家有关地球表面热量和水平衡的工作，这些工作在 20 世纪 50 年代引起了地理界以及苏联科学界的广泛关注。第三，它反思了苏联地理学如何利用其对气候系统的理解来参与有关气候变化和自然改造的国家计划。最后，该评论强调了 20 世纪 50 年代末和 1960 年代初地理学家和同族科学家之间气候变化争论的成熟，并出现了关于人类活动对全球气候系统产生积极和消极影响的可能性的相互竞争的讨论。WIREs Clim Change2013，4：513-524。 doi: 10.1002/wcc.242本文分类为：气候、历史、社会、文化 > 学科观点
This review provides an insight into some of the main themes characterizing the work of Soviet physical geographers concerning climate during the decade following the Second World War. Post‐1945, pressure was placed upon geography via the state and the Academy of Sciences to ensure that its activities were of practical use to the development of the socialist economy and this was particularly evident in the case of work related to climate and climate modification. The review is divided into four main sections. First, it provides an understanding of the range of work carried out by physical geographers with respect to climate and related phenomena in the late 1940s and 1950s. Second, it focuses on the work of geographers and climatologists in relation to the heat and water balance at the earth's surface, which attracted considerable attention within geographical circles as well as more broadly within Soviet science during the 1950s. Third, it reflects upon the way in which Soviet geography utilized its understanding of climate systems in order to participate in national schemes concerned with the modification of the climate and the transformation of nature. Finally, the review highlights the maturing of climate modification debates among geographers and cognate scientists during the late 1950s and early 1960s with the emergence of competing discussions over the potential for human activity to result in both positive and negative consequences for the global climate system.WIREs Clim Change2013, 4:513–524. doi: 10.1002/wcc.242This article is categorized under:Climate, History, Society, Culture > Disciplinary Perspectives