Multiscale change in reef coral species diversity and composition in the Tropical Eastern Pacific
Multiscale change in reef coral species diversity and composition in the Tropical Eastern Pacific
复制标题
热带东太平洋珊瑚礁物种多样性和组成的多尺度变化
作者：
Catalina G. Gomez;Andrew Gonzalez;H. Guzman
自然和人为因素正在改变全世界珊瑚礁的结构和功能。长期监测显示，珊瑚礁的当地组成和物种多样性有所下降。在这里，我们报告的珊瑚礁群落结构的变化超过12年（2000-2012年）在17个网站和三个空间尺度（珊瑚礁，海湾和国家）在热带东太平洋（巴拿马）。我们发现，在国家和海湾规模的物种种群规模显着每年下降4%，显着下降幅度从3%到32%不等，但一个珊瑚礁。没有显着的时间变化，预期的丰富程度，发现在国家规模或在奇里基湾，但7%的预期物种丰富度的年下降率被发现在巴拿马湾。奇里基湾的群落均匀度增加了2%，但巴拿马湾没有变化。在国家和海湾尺度和29%的珊瑚礁，主要解释物种丰度的变化，和珍稀物种的损失和收益的发现显着的时间营业额。阿尔法和贝塔多样性指标的时间趋势是由即使没有强烈的厄尔尼诺变暖事件也会出现的水温最高值、异常和变化来解释的。
Both natural and anthropogenic factors are changing coral-reef structure and function worldwide. Long-term monitoring has revealed declines in the local composition and species diversity of reefs. Here we report changes in coral-reef community structure over 12 yr (2000–2012) at 17 sites and three spatial scales (reef, gulf and country) in the Tropical Eastern Pacific (Panama). We found a significant 4% annual decline in species population sizes at the country and gulf scales, with significant declines ranging from 3 to 32% at all but one reef. No significant temporal change in expected richness was found at the country scale or in the Gulf of Chiriquí, but a 7% annual decline in expected species richness was found in the Gulf of Panama. There was a 2% increase in community evenness in the Gulf of Chiriquí, but no change in the Gulf of Panama. Significant temporal turnover was found at the country and gulf scales and at 29% of the reefs, a finding mostly explained by changes in species abundance, and losses and gains of rare species. Temporal trends in alpha and beta diversity metrics were explained by water temperature maxima, anomalies and variation that occurred even in the absence of a strong El Niño warming event.