Biological monitoring of organophosphorus pesticide exposure among children of agricultural workers in central Washington State
Biological monitoring of organophosphorus pesticide exposure among children of agricultural workers in central Washington State
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DOI：
10.2307/3433754
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发表时间：
1997-12-01
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Kalman, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Loewenherz, C;Fenske, RA;Kalman, D
与农药施用者一起生活的6岁以下儿童被监测是否有更高的农药暴露风险。1995年6月，从华盛顿州的一个农业区招募了48个农药施用者和14个参照系。共采集88名儿童的160份现场尿样，重复测量间隔3~7天。样品用气相色谱火焰光度检测器检测二甲基磷酸盐代谢物。主要代谢产物为二甲基硫代磷酸酯(DMTP)。涂抹者儿童的DMTP水平显著高于对照儿童(p=0.015)，中位数浓度分别为0.021和0.005微克/毫升，最大浓度分别为0.44和0.10微克/毫升。涂抹者儿童和参照者儿童的可检测样本百分比分别为47%和27%。在施药者儿童中，随着年龄的下降，浓度有轻微显著的增加趋势(p=0.060)，这些家庭中年龄较小的孩子与他们的大兄弟姐妹相比，浓度明显更高(p=0.040)。与非近距离涂抹者儿童相比，住在离果园不到200英尺的涂抹者儿童可检测到的DMTP水平更高(p=0.036)。这些结果表明，与同一社区的对照儿童相比，施药儿童经历了更高的有机磷农药暴露，接近喷洒是造成这种暴露的重要因素。与年龄相关的趋势表明，儿童活动是暴露的一个重要变量，但观察到的任何暴露都不太可能构成急性中毒的危险。这项研究指出，有必要更详细地了解农业工人子女接触农药的途径。
Children up to 6 years of age who lived with pesticide applicators were monitored for increased risk of pesticide exposure. 48 pesticide applicator and 14 reference families sere recruited from an agricultural region of Washington State in June 1995. A total of 160 spot urine samples were collected from 88 children, including repeated measures 3-7 days apart. Samples were assayed by gas chromatography flame photometric detector for dimethylphosphate metabolites. Dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP) was the dominant metabolite. DMTP levels were significantly higher in applicator children than in reference children (p = 0.015), with median concentrations of 0.021 and 0.005 mu g/ml, respectively; maximum concentrations were 0.44 and 0.10 mu g/ml, respectively. Percentages of detectable samples were 47% for applicator children and 27% for reference children. A marginally significant trend of increasing concentrations observed with decreasing age among applicator children (p = 0.060), and younger children within these families had significantly higher for concentrations when compared to their older siblings (p = 0.040). Applicator children living less than 200 feet from an orchard were associated with higher frequency of detectable DMTP levels than nonproximal applicator children (p = 0.036). These results indicate that applicator children experienced higher organophosphorus pesticide exposures than did reference children in the same community and that proximity to spraying is an important contributor to such exposures. Trends related ro age suggest that child activity is an important variable for exposure, it is unlikely that any of the observed exposures posed a hazard of acute intoxication. This study points to the need for a more detailed understanding of pesticide exposure pathways for children of agricultural workers.