Water Quality Implications and the Toxicological Effects of Chloride-Based Deicers
Water Quality Implications and the Toxicological Effects of Chloride-Based Deicers
复制标题
氯化物除冰剂的水质影响和毒理学效应
DOI：
10.1061/9780784479285.022
复制
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
17.1
通讯作者：
Xianming Shi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Nazari;L. Fay;S. Jungwirth;Xianming Shi
传统上，冬季道路维修的主要优先事项是服务水平、成本效益和腐蚀，而不是其他不太明显的影响，如对水质的影响。了解除冰剂的环境足迹，包括它们对水生生态系统的影响，变得越来越重要。氯基除冰剂在自然环境中不会降解，在冬季路面上的应用会随着时间的推移导致其在邻近环境中积累。迄今为止提供的有关除冰剂的信息一般包括除冰剂的化学成分和性能，而需要提供有关除冰剂水生毒性的额外信息，以使利益攸关方能够作出充分知情的决定。本文介绍了氯化物除冰剂和添加剂对水和水生物种的影响以及重金属浸出问题的最新研究进展。对除冰剂的直接作用和与径流化学相互作用的间接作用的毒性进行了综述。这项工作将有助于利益相关者机构寻找有效的做法，以减少氯基除冰剂的毒性和其他水质影响。
Traditionally, the main priority of winter road maintenance has been assigned to level of service, cost-effectiveness, and corrosion rather than other less well-characterized effects such as impacts to water quality. It is increasingly vital to understand the environmental footprint of deicers, including their impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Chloride based deicers do not degrade in the natural environment and their application on winter pavements can lead to accumulation in adjacent environments over time. Information presented to date on deicers generally includes chemical composition and performance of deicers, while additional information on deicer aquatic toxicity is needed to enable fully-informed decisions by stakeholders. This work presents a state-of-the-knowledge review of the impacts of chloride based deicers and additives on water and aquatic species, and the issue of heavy metal leaching. Toxicity associated with the direct effect of deicers or with the indirect effect via their interactions with runoff chemistry is reviewed as well. This work will assist the stakeholder agencies in the search for effective practices to reduce the toxicity and other water quality implications of chloride based deicers.