Investigating volatiles as the secondary metabolome of Piper methysticum from root powder and water extracts using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography
Investigating volatiles as the secondary metabolome of Piper methysticum from root powder and water extracts using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jep.2022.115346
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发表时间：
2022-05-17
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Perrault，Katelynn A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cheung，Cynthia;Baker，Jonathan D.;Perrault，Katelynn A.
卡瓦胡椒（Piper methysticum G. Forst）是一种生长在太平洋的植物，用于传统药物。根被浸软并磨成粉末，作为社交场合和仪式中的饮料。其他类型的制剂也可用作传统药物。由于卡瓦的传统用途继续存在，而且在大洋洲以外的地方，卡瓦在社会和医药方面的用途越来越多，因此对卡瓦的需求也在增加。目前，对这种植物的研究主要集中在具有生物活性的卡瓦内酯和卡瓦黄素，而对卡瓦所含的其他化合物，如挥发性和半挥发性成分的研究却很少。材料和方法分析卡瓦样品上方的顶部空间，既可以从最初购买的根粉中提取，也可以通过模仿传统的饮料制备方法将其按比例缩小提取到水中。每个样品的顶空使用固相微萃取箭头（SPME Arrow）提取，然后使用全面的二维气相色谱-四极杆质谱/火焰离子化检测器（GC×GC-qMS/FID）进行分析。GC×GC的上级峰容量是非常宝贵的，有效地分离在所有样品中发现的化合物的复杂混合物，从而提高了监测批次之间的微小差异。ResultsDry root powder样品中含有高水平的β-carbellene，而水提取的样品中表现出高水平的β-carbellene。许多醇，醛，酮，萜烯，萜类化合物，和芳香族化合物的特点也从这两种类型的样品。不同品牌的所有水提取样本在检测到或未检测到的化合物方面都遵循类似的趋势。水浸提物中发现的其他主要化合物包括苯甲醛、己醛、甲氧苯肟、樟脑、柠檬烯、1-己醇、内异丙基苯和可巴烯。虽然有些样品可以区分品牌的基础上，样品并没有按所谓的地理origin.ConclusionsThis研究提供了基础数据的不同子集的化合物内卡瓦比以前的研究，也通知社会的化合物，转移到消费饮料在传统的方法制备卡瓦。
Ethnopharmacological relevanceKava (Piper methysticumG. Forst) is a plant grown in the Pacific that is used in traditional medicines. The roots are macerated and powdered for consumption as a beverage in social settings as well as in ceremonies. Other types of preparations can also be used as traditional medicines. There has been an increase in demand for kava as there is continued traditional use and as it is becoming utilized more both socially and medicinally outside of Oceania. Currently, most research of this plant has focused on bioactive kavalactones and flavokawains, and there are few studies focusing on the other compounds that kava contains, such as volatile and semivolatile components.Aim of the studyThis study investigated the kava volatile organic compound (VOC) profile from nine different commercially available samples of dried, powdered kava root sourced across the Pacific region.Materials and methodsThe headspace above the kava samples was analyzed, both from the root powder as originally purchased and by performing a scaled-down extraction into water mimicking traditional preparation of the beverage. The headspace of each sample was extracted using solid-phase microextraction arrow (SPME Arrow), followed by analysis using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography – quadrupole mass spectrometry/flame ionization detection (GC×GC-qMS/FID). The superior peak capacity of GC×GC was invaluable in effectively separating the complex mixture of compounds found in all samples, which enabled improved monitoring of minor differences between batches.ResultsDry root powder samples contained high levels of β-caryophyllene while water extracted samples showed high levels of camphene. Many alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, terpenes, terpenoids, and aromatics were also characterized from both types of samples. All water extracted samples from the different brands followed similar trends in terms of compounds being detected or not. Additional major compounds found in water extracts included benzaldehyde, hexanal, methoxyphenyloxime, camphor, limonene, 1-hexanol, endoborneol, and copaene. While some samples could be differentiated based on brand, samples did not group by purported geographic origin.ConclusionsThis study provides foundational data about a different subset of compounds within kava than previous research has studied, and also informs the community of the compounds that transfer into the consumed beverage during the traditional means of preparing kava.