The psychology of prejudice: Ingroup love or outgroup hate?
The psychology of prejudice: Ingroup love or outgroup hate?
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DOI：
10.1111/0022-4537.00126
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发表时间：
1999-09-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Brewer, MB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brewer, MB
Allport（1954）认识到对内部群体的依恋并不一定要求对外部群体的敌意。然而，研究种族中心主义、群体内偏见和偏见的主流方法假定群体内的爱和群体外的恨是相互关联的。跨文化研究和实验室实验的结果都支持另一种观点，即内群体认同与对外群体的消极态度无关，许多内群体偏见和群体间歧视的动机是对内群体成员的优待，而不是对外群体成员的直接敌意。因此，要理解偏见和歧视的根源，首先需要更好地理解群体内信息和认同对人类的作用。本文综述了群体边界维持动机的研究和理论，以及群体边界保护对群体间关系、冲突和冲突预防的意义。
Allport (1954) recognized that attachment to one's ingroups does not necessarily require hostility toward outgroups. Yet the prevailing approach to the study of ethnocentrism, ingroup bias, and prejudice presumes that ingroup love and outgroup hate are reciprocally related. Findings from both cross-cultural research and laboratory experiments support the alternative view that ingroup identification is independent of negative attitudes toward outgoups and that much ingroup bias and intergroup discrimination is motivated by preferential treatment of ingroup members rather than direct hostility toward outgroup members. Thus to understand the roots of prejudice and discrimination requires first of all a better understanding of the functions that ingroup formation and identification serve for human beings. This article reviews research anal theory on the motivations for maintenance of ingroup boundaries and the implications of ingroup boundary protection for intergroup relations, conflict, and conflict prevention.