How Green is Too Green? Public Opinion of What Constitutes Undesirable Algae Levels in Streams 1
How Green is Too Green? Public Opinion of What Constitutes Undesirable Algae Levels in Streams 1
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00265.x
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发表时间：
2009-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Michael W. Suplee;V. Watson;M. Teply;H. McKee
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Michael W. Suplee;V. Watson;M. Teply;H. McKee
摘要：在蒙大拿州进行了一项民意调查，以确定公众是否认为底栖（底部附着）河流和溪流藻类的水平不适合娱乐。该调查分为两部分：河上调查和邮寄调查。河上调查是通过在全州随机安排的 44 次行程进行的，期间休闲娱乐者在溪流上接受了现场采访。河流段和调查日期/时间的选择是基于已知的全州娱乐使用模式。邮寄调查表已发送给从蒙大拿州国务卿提供的蒙大拿州集中选民档案 (CVF) 中随机选出的 2,000 人。 CVF 一直持续到 2004 年，代表了该州超过 85% 的合格投票人口。在这两项调查中，展示了八张随机排列的照片，描绘了不同水平的溪流底栖藻类，并询问参与者所显示的藻类水平是否适合娱乐或不适合娱乐。调查表格的设计、照片的选择和预测试遵循可接受的协议，限制了调查执行中的无意偏见。邮寄调查共返回 433 份表格（完整 389 份），而河上调查则记录了 563 份访谈。在这两项调查中，随着底栖藻类叶绿素 a (Chl a) 水平的增加，人们对娱乐的渴望下降。 （还提出了底栖藻类生物量的其他测量方法。）对于大多数公众来说，平均底栖叶绿素 a 水平≥200 mg/m2 被确定为不适合娱乐，而平均水平 ≤150 mg Chl a/m2 被认为是理想的。错误率在调查统计设计标准之内（≤5%）。最大的潜在错误来源是邮寄调查中的未回复；然而，非受访者所代表的人群必须对河流和溪流藻类表现出截然不同的看法，才能有意义地改变结果。结果支持文献中的早期工作，表明 150 mg Chl a/m2 代表底栖藻类滋扰阈值。
Abstract: A public opinion survey was carried out in Montana to ascertain if the public identifies a level of benthic (bottom‐attached) river and stream algae that is undesirable for recreation. The survey had two parts; an On‐River survey and a By‐Mail survey. The On‐River survey was conducted via 44 trips randomly scheduled throughout the state during which recreators were interviewed in‐person at the stream. Selection of stream segments and survey dates/times was based on known, statewide recreational use patterns. By‐Mail survey forms were sent to 2,000 individuals randomly selected from Montana’s Centralized Voter File (CVF) available from the Montana Secretary of State. The CVF was current through 2004 and represented over 85% of the state’s eligible voting population. In both surveys, eight randomly ordered photographs depicting varying levels of stream benthic algae were presented, and participants were asked if the algae level shown was desirable or undesirable for recreation. Survey form design, selection of photographs, and pretesting followed acceptable protocols that limited unintentional bias through survey execution. There were 433 returned forms (389 complete) for the By‐Mail survey, while the On‐River survey documented 563 interviews. In both surveys, as benthic algal chlorophyll a (Chl a) levels increased, desirability for recreation decreased. (Other measures of benthic algae biomass are presented as well.) For the public majority, mean benthic Chl a levels ≥200 mg/m2 were determined to be undesirable for recreation, whereas mean levels ≤150 mg Chl a/m2 were found to be desirable. Error rates were within the survey’s statistical design criteria (≤5%). The largest potential error source was nonresponse in the By‐Mail survey; however, the population represented by nonrespondents would have to exhibit profoundly different perceptions of river and stream algae to meaningfully alter the results. Results support earlier work in the literature suggesting 150 mg Chl a/m2 represents a benthic algae nuisance threshold.