Predictive Model Development for Aviation Black Carbon Mass Emissions from Alternative and Conventional Fuels at Ground and Cruise
Predictive Model Development for Aviation Black Carbon Mass Emissions from Alternative and Conventional Fuels at Ground and Cruise
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.6b03749
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发表时间：
2016-11-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Vander Wal, Randy L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Abrahamson, Joseph P.;Zelina, Joseph;Vander Wal, Randy L.
由于现代高旁通比发动机产生的低烟度(SN)测量不准确，目前用于估计BC质量排放的一阶近似(FOA3)低估了BC排放。最近开发的形成和氧化(FOX)方法消除了对(SNS)的需要，从而消除了与(SNS)相关的不确定性，而是依赖于发动机条件来预测BC质量。利用专有发动机循环数据得到的发动机真实工况，建立了改进的FOX(IMFOX)预测关系式。尽管如此，目前的方法并没有优化到估计巡航排放，也没有考虑到使用芳烃含量较低的替代喷气燃料。在这里，改进的关联式被开发来预测发动机状况和地面和巡航高度的BC质量排放。这一新的ImFOX与新开发的氢关系相结合，可以预测替代燃料和混合燃料的排放。ImFOX是为目前机队中主要采用的浓淡调冷式燃烧室技术而设计的。
The first order approximation (FOA3) currently employed to estimate BC mass emissions underpredicts BC emissions due to inaccuracies in measuring low smoke numbers (SNs) produced by modern high bypass ratio engines. The recently developed Formation and Oxidation (FOX) method removes the need for and hence uncertainty associated with (SNs), instead relying upon engine conditions in order to predict BC mass. Using the true engine operating conditions from proprietary engine cycle data an improved FOX (ImFOX) predictive relation is developed. Still, the current methods are not optimized to estimate cruise emissions nor account for the use of alternative jet fuels with reduced aromatic content. Here improved correlations are developed to predict engine conditions and BC mass emissions at ground and cruise altitude. This new ImFOX is paired with a newly developed hydrogen relation to predict emissions from alternative fuels and fuel blends. The ImFOX is designed for rich-quench-lean style combustor technologies employed predominately in the current aviation fleet.