Mucosal defense: gastroduodenal injury and repair mechanisms.
Mucosal defense: gastroduodenal injury and repair mechanisms.
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DOI：
10.1097/mog.0000000000000775
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发表时间：
2021-11-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Hagen SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hagen SJ
粘膜屏障是环境和宿主之间的主要界面。在日常生活中，胃或十二指肠粘膜的浅表损伤经常会发生，但通过一种称为“修复”的过程迅速愈合。胃十二指肠黏膜的持续性损伤也会发生，但会启动具有特定伤口愈合机制的再生损伤，试图修复屏障功能。如果不能愈合，这些病变可能成为慢性炎症环境中肿瘤发展的部位。本文综述了近年来胃十二指肠粘膜修复的研究进展，胃十二指肠粘膜修复是胃十二指肠黏膜损伤的一种防御机制。有机化合物是一种新兴的新工具，可以在体内和体外模型之间建立联系；有机化合物代表着一种重要的还原论模型，可以探索仅限于上皮细胞的损伤和修复机制的特定方面。此外，概念验证研究表明，机器学习算法最终可能有助于识别在治疗干预中追求的新的、有针对性的路径。芯片上肠道技术和单细胞RNA测序通过识别修复过程中涉及的网络和相互作用，有助于对损伤后胃十二指肠再生损伤的新理解。最近的更新为确定治疗急性和浅表粘膜损伤、粘膜再生和胃肠道再生损伤的新分子靶点提供了新的可能性。
The mucosal barrier serves as a primary interface between the environment and host. In daily life, superficial injury to the gastric or duodenal mucosa occurs regularly but heals rapidly by a process called “restitution”. Persistent injury to the gastroduodenal mucosa also occurs but initiates a regenerative lesion with specific wound healing mechanisms that attempt to repair barrier function. If not healed, these lesions can be the site of neoplasia development in a chronic inflammatory setting. This review summarizes the past year of advances in understanding mucosal repair in the gastroduodenal mucosa, which occurs as a defense mechanism against injury. Organoids are an emerging new tool that allows for the correlation of in vivo and in vitro models; organoids represent an important reductionist model to probe specific aspects of injury and repair mechanisms that are limited to epithelial cells. Additionally, proof-of-concept studies show that machine learning algorithms may ultimately assist with identifying novel, targetable pathways to pursue in therapeutic interventions. Gut-on-chip technology and single cell RNA-sequencing contributed to new understanding of gastroduodenal regenerative lesions after injury by identifying networks and interactions that are involved in the repair process. Recent updates provide new possibilities for identifying novel molecular targets for the treatment of acute and superficial mucosal injury, mucosal regeneration, and regenerative lesions in the GI tract.