Janus particles: from concepts to environmentally friendly materials and sustainable applications
Janus particles: from concepts to environmentally friendly materials and sustainable applications
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DOI：
10.1007/s00396-020-04601-y
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发表时间：
2020-02
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Claudia Marschelke;A. Fery;A. Synytska
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Claudia Marschelke;A. Fery;A. Synytska
Janus粒子代表一组独特的片状粒子，在其相对侧结合了两种或更多种不同的物理或化学功能。特别地，具有化学和几何各向异性的单个Janus颗粒（JP）以及它们的组装层提供了优于常规单官能颗粒或表面活性剂分子的相当大的优点，提供了（a）高的表面积与体积比;（B）高的界面活性;（c）通过外部信号如温度、光、pH，或离子强度，并实现稳定乳液和宏观相分离之间的转换;（d）回收和再循环;（e）控制两相之间界面上的传质;和最后（f）在一个颗粒中可调节的几种官能度，允许它们用作固定化催化活性物质的载体材料，或者，它们与底物的位点选择性连接保持另一个官能团对于进一步反应的活性。所有这些优点使JPs成为（生物）催化和（生物）传感的专用材料。考虑到“绿色化学”方面，涵盖基于天然或全合成生物相容性和生物可降解聚合物的生物材料，用于设计JP可能会解决一些现有材料的毒性问题，并在不久的将来为开发更环保和可持续的材料开辟新途径。考虑到每年发表的关于Janus粒子的论文数量，关于其环境友好和可持续应用的论文数量要少得多。这无疑是一个重要的挑战，并在这篇评论文章中得到解决。综述的第一部分重点介绍了可持续生物或生物相容性Janus颗粒的合成，以及它们的回收，回收和可重复使用的策略。第二部分介绍了生物/生物相容性和非生物相容性JP在环境和生物技术领域的应用，如有害污染物的检测，水净化和制氢方面的最新进展。最后，我们为基于Janus粒子的环境友好和可持续材料的合理设计提供了启示。图形摘要
Janus particles represent a unique group of patchy particles combining two or more different physical or chemical functionalities at their opposite sides. Especially, individual Janus particles (JPs) with both chemical and geometrical anisotropy as well as their assembled layers provide considerable advantages over the conventional monofunctional particles or surfactant molecules offering (a) a high surface-to-volume ratio; (b) high interfacial activity; (c) target controlling and manipulation of their interfacial activity by external signals such as temperature, light, pH, or ionic strength and achieving switching between stable emulsions and macro-phase separation; (d) recovery and recycling; (e) controlling the mass transport across the interface between the two phases; and finally (f) tunable several functionalities in one particle allowing their use either as carrier materials for immobilized catalytically active substances or, alternatively, their site-selective attachment to substrates keeping another functionality active for further reactions. All these advantages of JPs make them exclusive materials for application in (bio-)catalysis and (bio-)sensing. Considering “green chemistry” aspects covering biogenic materials based on either natural or fully synthetic biocompatible and biodegradable polymers for the design of JPs may solve the problem of toxicity of some existing materials and open new paths for the development of more environmentally friendly and sustainable materials in the very near future. Considering the number of contributions published each year on the topic of Janus particles in general, the number of contributions regarding their environmentally friendly and sustainable applications is by far smaller. This certainly pinpoints an important challenge and is addressed in this review article. The first part of the review focuses on the synthesis of sustainable biogenic or biocompatible Janus particles, as well as strategies for their recovery, recycling, and reusability. The second part addresses recent advances in applications of biogenic/biocompatible and non-biocompatible JPs in environmental and biotechnological fields such as sensing of hazardous pollutants, water decontamination, and hydrogen production. Finally, we provide implications for the rational design of environmentally friendly and sustainable materials based on Janus particles.Graphical abstract