Science, systems and geomorphologies: why LESS may be more
Science, systems and geomorphologies: why LESS may be more
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科学、系统和地貌：为什么“少”可能意味着“多”
DOI：
10.1002/esp.1718
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
N. Clifford
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Richards;N. Clifford
这篇论文是由当时的英国地貌研究小组（现在的英国地貌学会）引发的关于地貌学和地球系统科学（ESS）之间联系的争论所激发的。它的目的是扩展我们已经对这些联系提出的一些论点，其中包括提请注意被忽视的历史先例，以及ESS所暗示的科学的可疑地位。这篇进一步论文的前提是，不能假设这样的辩论反映了对科学内容的传统评估，因为它是关于科学的制度结构，名称，界限和关系。这意味着，职权范围远远超出了批判性的科学评价，延伸到评价一个社会组织的事项，以及政治、政策、宗旨和做法。因此，我们开始先考虑科学社会学、科学知识和技术，然后再考虑地貌学、地质学和自然地理学之间的历史关系，以及这可能为目前的辩论提供的某些观点。认识论的问题，所产生的系统理论的使用在多个空间和时间尺度，并从当代环境科学的需求，然后介绍，这些导致一个结论，地貌可能更适当地评估对（或视为一部分）更本地化的ESS，我们术语LESS。
This paper has been stimulated by a debate triggered by the then British Geomorphological Research Group (now the British Society for Geomorphology) about the connections between geomorphology and Earth system science (ESS). Its purpose is to expand on some arguments we have already made about these connections, amongst other things drawing attention to neglected historical antecedents, and to the questionable status of the science implied by ESS. A premise of this further paper is that such a debate cannot be assumed to mirror conventional assessments of the content of a science, since it is about scientific institutional structures, names, boundaries and relationships. This implies that the terms of reference go well beyond critical scientific appraisal, extending to matters of evaluating a social organization, and to politics, policies, purposes and practices. We therefore begin by considering the sociology of science, scientific knowledge and technology, before moving to a consideration of the historical relationship amongst geomorphology, geology and physical geography; and to some perspectives this might offer for the current debate. Epistemological issues, arising both from the use of systems theory over multiple spatial and temporal scales, and from the demands of contemporary environmental science, are then introduced, and these lead to a conclusion that geomorphology might more appropriately be assessed against (or seen as part of) a more locally orientated ESS, which we term LESS. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.